Week 8 - Cardiovascular Flashcards
(27 cards)
AE of nitrates
OH, reflex tachycardia, dizziness
what are antiplatelets used for?
prevent thrombus
what are anticoagulants used for?
prevent initial thrombus and prevent extension of current thrombus
what are fibrinolytics used for?
clot buster
all antithrombotics have a risk of what?
bleeding
MOA of ADP Receptor (Plavix)
bind to P2Y12 receptor to block ADP and block platelet aggregation (block clotting)
Why is plavix a prodrug?
it must be activated to work
Heparin MOA
increases action of antithrombin which inactivates thrombin and factor 10 which prevents fibrinogen to fibrin to stop coagulation
low molecular weight heparin MOA
same as heparin but has greater effect on inhibiting factor 10 than thrombin - which stops coagulation
Warfin MOA
binds to VKORC1 which activates K so now K is inactive and can’t synthesis factors 7, 9, 10 and 2 (inhibits sents)
Why does warfin not work immediately?
needs time to decrease vitamin K levels so doses vary on day of the week (multicolored pills)
low INR has what risk?
clotting
high INR has what risk?
bleeding
what foods have high vitamin K
leafy green, cucumbers, kiwi
-xaban MOA
inhibit factor 10 which stops coagulation
-xaban AE
lower intracranial bleed risk than warfarin but still a bleed risk
What factor 10 inhibitor has the lowest bleed risk?
apixaban (Eliquis)
Why is warfarin preferred over -xaban due to duration of action?
warfarin has a long duration and -xaban has a short so if patient forgets to take meds, warfarin is still in body
statin MOA
block HMG-CoA which blocks cholesterol synthesis
Statin AE
myalgia, headache, increase liver function
digoxin MOA
inhibit Na+/K+ pump so increase Na+, Ca2+ and increase contractility
what is amiodarone used for?
cardiac arrhythmias
amiodarone MOA
prolong action potential by blocking K+, Na+, and Ca2+ channels
Amiodarone AE
LFTs (liver toxicity), TFTs (thyroid dysfunction), PFTs (pulmonary fibrosis), bradycardia, and blue discoloration after long time
