Week 11 - Special Senses

Question 1

Olfaction begins in the __________

Answer 1

nasal conchae

Question 2

The nose contains ______ million receptors for olfaction, contained within an area called the _________

Answer 2

10-100

olfactory epithelium

Question 3

The olfactory epithelium consists of ________

Answer 3

olfactory receptors
supporting cells
basal cells

Question 4

Olfactory receptors are the _______ neurons of the olfactory pathway

Answer 4

first order

Question 5

The parts of the olfactory receptors that respond to inhaled chemicals are ______. Chemicals that stimulate olfaction are called ________

Answer 5

olfactory hairs

odorants

Question 6

Supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium function to ________

Answer 6

provide physical support, nourishment, electrical insulation, detoxify chemicals that come in contact w/ olfactory epithelium

Question 7

Basal cells of the olfactory epithelium are ____ cells and function to __________

Answer 7

stem

produce new olfactory receptors to replace old ones

Question 8

Within the connective tisuse that supports the olfactory epithelium are _______ glands which produce _______

Answer 8

olfactory (Bowman’s)

mucus

Question 9

Both supporting cells of the nasal epithelium and olfactory glands are innervated by branches of the _______ nerve

Answer 9

facial (CN VII)

Question 10

Complete insensitivity to certain strong odors occurs about ________ after exposure

Answer 10

1 minute

Question 11

Binding of an odorant molecule to an olfactory receptor protein activates a _______ and _______, resulting in the production of _______, which opens _________ and leads to depolarization.

Answer 11

G protein
adenylate cyclase
cAMP
sodium channels

Question 12

A taste bud consists of three kinds of epithelial cell: _______

Answer 12

supporting cells, gustatory receptor cells, basal cells

Question 13

Taste buds are found in elevations on the tongue called _____

Answer 13

papillae

Question 14

The cranial nerves containing axons of the first order gustatory neurons that innervate the taste buds are ______

Answer 14

CN VII, CN IX, CN X

Question 15

The gustatory nucleus is located in the _________

Answer 15

medulla oblongata

Question 16

Visible light as a wavelength range of _______

Answer 16

400-700nm

Question 17

The space between the upper and lower eyelids that exposes the eyeball is the ________. Its angles are known as the ______ and

Answer 17

palpebral fissure
lateral commisure
medial commisure

Question 18

In the medial commisure is a small, reddish elevation known as the _______ which contains __________

Answer 18

lacrimal caruncle
sebaceous glands
sudoriferous glands

Question 19

List components of lacrimal apparatus in sequential order of flow of tears

Answer 19

lacrimal glands
execretory lacrimal ducts
lacrimal puncta
lacrimal canals
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct

Question 20

The lacrimal glands are supplied by ___________ fibers of the _______ nerve

Answer 20

parasympathetic

facial (CN VII)

Question 21

The ______ is a transparent coat that covers the colored iris

Answer 21

cornea

Question 22

The ______ is the “white” of the eye and is a layer of ______ made up of ______

Answer 22

sclera
dense connective tissue
collagen fibers & fibroblasts

Question 23

At the junction of the sclera and cornea is an opening known as the ______. ______ drains into this sinus.

Answer 23

scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

Aqueous humor

Question 24

The middle layer of the eyeball is the ______ and is composed of _______

Answer 24

uvea/vascular tunic

choroid, ciliary body, iris

Question 25

The function of the choroid is _______

Answer 25

provide nutrients to posterior surface of retina | contain melanocytes which secrete melanin to absorb stray light

Question 26

A principal function of the iris is to ___________

Answer 26

regulate the amount of light intering the eyeball through the pupil

Question 27

The optic nerve exits the eyeball at the ______. It is also called the ______

Answer 27

optic disc | blind spot

Question 28

Bundled with the optic nerve are the ________ and __________

Answer 28

central retinal artery | central vein

Question 29

List the types of photoreceptors and what they sense

Answer 29

Rods - dim light/black & white vision | Cones - brighter light/color vision

Question 30

The _____ is in the exact center of the posterior portion of the retina.

Answer 30

macula lutea

Question 31

The ________ , a small depression in the center of the macula lutea, is the area of highest ________

Answer 31

fovea centralis | visual acuity

Question 32

The large posterior cavity of the eyeball is the ________, which lies between the lens and the retina and contain the _________, which gives shape to the eye

Answer 32

vitreous chamber | vitreous body

Question 33

What nervous system division is responsible for the special senses?

Answer 33

somatic nervous system

Question 34

The choroid and retina are attached by the ________, its function being ___________

Answer 34

pigmented layer | absorbs extra light via melanosomes to provide contrast in vision

Question 35

In the retina, ______ and ______ cells inhibit nearby photoreceptors

Answer 35

horizontal | amacrine

Question 36

Retinal bipolar cells function to ______________

Answer 36

relay sensory information from rods and cones to ganglion cells

Question 37

Glaucoma is ____________

Answer 37

increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve

Question 38

The function of the ciliary body is _______

Answer 38

secretion of aqueous fluid by filtering blood plasma

Question 39

What neurons of the retina contribute axons into the bundle of the optic nerve?

Answer 39

Ganglion cells

Question 40

What neurons of the retina absorb the light?

Answer 40

Photoreceptors

Question 41

A cataract is ___________

Answer 41

a clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision

Question 42

In a nearsighted or _______ eye, the plane of focus is located __________

Answer 42

myopic | in front of the retina

Question 43

In a farsighted or _______ eye, the plane of focus is located __________

Answer 43

hyperopic | behind the retina

Question 44

Myopic vision is corrected with a _____ lens

Answer 44

concave

Question 45

Hyperopic vision is corrected with a ______ lens

Answer 45

convex

Question 46

Papilledema is _________

Answer 46

optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure

Question 47

Presbyopia is __________

Answer 47

progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects

Question 48

Glaucoma is ________

Answer 48

damage to the optic nerve as a result of intraocular pressure