Week 11 - Topics not coming up

Question 1

What is cancer incidence heavily influenced by?

Answer 1

Lifestyle factors
- 3% of all cancers attributed to inactivity
- 5-8% cancer related to overweight
- Physically active lowers risk of many major forms of cancer by 12-25%

Question 2

How is cancer caused?

Answer 2

by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells which invade normal tissues, altering their normal physiological function

Question 3

What is cancer incidence heavily influenced by?

Answer 3

Lifestyle factors
- 3% of all cancers attributed to inactivity
- 5-8% cancer related to overweight
- Physically active lowers risk of many major forms of cancer by 12-25%

Question 4

What are the possible mechanism for physical activity reducing cancer risk?

Answer 4

• Increased immune function which decreases progression of cancer
• Increased detoxification of chemical carcinogens and ROS which reduce DNA damage
• Increased DNA repair activity which reduces DNA damage and initiation of cancer
• Reduces some growth factors which reduce the promotion and progression of cancer
• Reduced hormone levels which limit DNA damage, initiation and promotion and progression of cancer

Question 5

Name some treatment options for cancer. What are common outcome of cancer treatment?

Answer 5

chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, hormone therapies, immunotherapies

Experience a drop in aerobic capacity and muscular strength.

Question 6

How does exercise influence the outcome of cancer treatment?

Answer 6

improved survival odds in those who are physically active + aerobic capacity and muscular strength losses are minimized with exercise training

Question 7

What are the 2 reasons for muscle loss in cancer patients?

Answer 7

1) Cancer treatments
2) Cachexia signals from cancer cells

Question 8

One treatment approach for breast cancer is to lower estrogen levels. What can this result in?

Answer 8

the accelerated loss in bone mineral density

Question 9

What do physically active cancer survivors have lower rates of?

Answer 9

cancer reoccurrence - 35% lower recurrence of all types of cancer

Question 10

In what cancer patients does physical activity and exercise benefit? Explain why?

Answer 10

Chemotherapy patients
- Limits fatigue associated with treatment
- Preserves muscle mass + bone mineral density
- 90mins of combined aerobic and strength exercise, 3x/week recommended

Terminally ill cancer patients
- Improves quality and duration of life
- Improves sleep quality and mood states
- Slows cachexia, preserves lean body mass
- Limits fatigue symptoms as well as depression incidence and severity

Question 11

What should individualized exercise prescriptions consider?

Answer 11

• Tumor site (brain, breast, blood)
• Cancer stage (stage 1 (local) vs stage 4 (spread))
• Treatment type (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery)
• Responses to exercise