Week 12

Question 1

Social change

Answer 1

Refers to significant alterations over time in the social structures of society

Question 2

What do sociologists use social movements for?

Answer 2

To refer to organized collective activities t0 bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society

Question 3

Hegemonic groups

Answer 3

Segment of the society who control the main resources in the economy and have power and influence over others

Question 4

What is the core of political and ideological struggles in many societies?

Answer 4

Differences among hegemonic groups and their opponents

Question 5

Civil society

Answer 5

All social groups and relationships outside the state and private sector

Question 6

Astroturfing

Answer 6

Governments, corporations or political parties for organizations pretending to ne civil society organizations, hiding their original intentions and sponsors

Question 7

What quest astroturfing refer to?

Answer 7

Fake grassroots of organizations.

Question 8

Alternative movement

Answer 8

Seek limited change only in some specific areas often involving life style issues such as mothers against drunk driving

Question 9

Redemptive movements

Answer 9

Focus on a specific segment of the society in on existing political system. Target more limited changes but want these changes to take place at the societal level

Question 10

Revolutionary movements

Answer 10

Seek comprehensive transformation of a society in a new way.

Question 11

Relative deprivation

Answer 11

The perception of discrepancies between what participants believe they deserve and what they receive.

Question 12

Who is likely to join a movement?

Answer 12

Those who experience an relative decline in their situation

Question 13

Resource mobilization

Answer 13

Refers to the ways in which social movements utilize such resources as money, political influence, access to the media and personnel.

Question 14

Leadership is a central factor in what?

Answer 14

In mobilizing the discontented into solace movements

Question 15

What are social movements organized around?

Answer 15

Values and social identities, as hill as improvements in the quality of life and environment with A specific focus on an issue

Question 16

Framing theory

Answer 16

Argues that social movements construct reality for their members and potential allies by providing frames.

Question 17

Which perspectiveis the framing theory influenced by?

Answer 17

Symbolic interactionist

Question 18

Theories of change + modernity
Evolutionary perspective
(Compte, Durkheim, Spencer)

Answer 18

Believes that society is constantly progressing from simple to complex

Question 19

Theories of change + modernity
Functionalist perspective
Tailor parsons

Answer 19

Focus on what maintains a system, not what changes it

Equilibrium model → changes in one part of society will result in adjustment in other parts

Question 20

Theories of change + modernity
Conflict perspective
Marx

Answer 20

Class conflict and differences in who will control resources and power eventually read to polarization toward the direction of change in society

Marx claimed that every society rests upon an economic base, which he called the infrastructure

Question 21

Theories of change + modernity
Feminist

Answer 21

Look at social change as A desireable category to make the world more just + humane

Question 22

Vested interests

Answer 22

Refers to those people or groups with a stake in the existing order and have something to lose if change occurs

Question 23

Nimbyism

Answer 23

Not in my backyard
Return to narrow minded resistance to change driven by self interests that people display in their locality.

Question 24

Ogburn + cultural lag

Answer 24

Argued that non material culture typically responds to changes in material culture

Question 25

When does culture lag occur?

Answer 25

When non-material culture is still struggling to adjust to changes in the material culture

Question 26

Neo-luddites

Answer 26

Those who question the expansion of industrialization, the increasing destruction of the natural and agrarian world, and the “ throw it away” mentality of contemporary capitalism

Question 27

Frame

Answer 27

Specific interpretations of reality that guide people to providing solutions to problems