Week 12

Question 1

Pathogenic bacteria

Answer 1

Airborne
Food and water borne
direct contact (STIs)

Question 2

Airborne diseases facts/traits

Answer 2

Most involve respiratory system
Higher concentration of bac inside vs outside
Sneeze 10k-100k

Question 3

Mtb: how is it spread?

Answer 3

Person to person via droplets
Lungs, bacteria engulfed by macrophages and survive

Question 4

4-12 week incubation
slow symptoms
fever
fatigue
weight loss
coughing
bloody sputum

Answer 4

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 5

Mtb pathogenicity

Answer 5

Unique toxic cell envelope components kill eukaryotic cells and protect mtb from lysozyme and osmotic lysis
calcified caseous region
shows up in xrays

Question 6

MTB treatment and prevention

Answer 6

Daily dose of rifampin and isoniazid for two months, biweekly for 9 months

Negative pressure room for infectious indiv. Facemasks with HEPA filters

Question 7

Diphtheria

Answer 7

Nasopharyngeal secretions, exotoxin produced that inhibits protein synthesis and is responsible for pathogenesis

Question 8

observation of membrane in throat
air passage block
thick mucous and pus containing nasal discharge
fever cough
paralysis
damage to cardiac kidney and nervous
death

Answer 8

Diphtheria

Question 9

Diphtheria treatment and prevention

Answer 9

Penicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, antitoxin

Active immunization with DPT
acellular dTap vaccine

Question 10

Pertusis (whopping cough)

Answer 10

Highly contagious, drop inhalation
primarily affects children, URT

Question 11

7-14 incubation
initially cold like sympt and inflamed mucous membranes
fever
malaise
cyanosis
coughing fits

Answer 11

Pertusis (whopping cough)

Question 12

Pertusis treatment and prevention

Answer 12

erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol

Active immunization with DPT
Acellular dtap vaccine

Question 13

Meningitis

Answer 13

Through droplets or throat secretions
brain or spinal cord meninges

Question 14

2-10 incubation period
initial respiratory illness or sore throat
stiff neck and back
high fever
headaches confusion and sensitivity to light

Answer 14

Meningitis

Question 15

Meningitis treatment and prevention

Answer 15

Immediate antibiotic therapy when symptoms appear, penicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ofloxacin

vaccination

Question 16

Cholera

Answer 16

Ingested food or water contaminated by fecal matter from patients or carrier
shellfish are natural reservoirs

Question 17

24-72hr incubation period
dehydration
rice water stools
10-20L diarrhea

Answer 17

Cholera

Question 18

Cholera treatment and prevention

Answer 18

oral rehydration
antibiotic therapy

Question 19

E. coli

Answer 19

most are nonpathogenic, some of the most common and widely distributed pathogens

Question 20

develop within hours, up to 10 days
vomiting
fever
bloody diarrhea

Answer 20

e. coli

Question 21

e. coli treatment and preventions

Answer 21

oral rehydration, improved sanitation
vaccines
antibiotic therapy (dangerous)

Question 22

4 types of e. coli

Answer 22

enterotoxigenic
enteroinvasive
enteripathogenic
enterohemorrhagic

Question 23

Bdellovibrio

Answer 23

soil and aquatic habitats
bdello means leech
penetrated cell wall of prey and replicated in cytoplasm (cannibalism)
predation is not obligatory

Question 24

Streptococcus (GAS)

Answer 24

Can be transmitted through air (unusual)
host factors contribute to likelihood of disease
oxygenated tissue is a very rich growth medium, leads to disruption of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and release of hemoglobin

Question 25

Superficial cutaneous diseases rapidly progressive necrotic tissue precipitous drop of blood pressure, failure of multiple organs high fever

Answer 25

Streptococcus

Question 26

Gonorrhoea

Answer 26

Sexual contract, mother to child during birth

Question 27

3-8 incubation period dissemination to joints heart and throat (rare)

Answer 27

gonorrhoea

Question 28

Gonorrhoea in women

Answer 28

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from infection of fallopian tubes and surrounding tissue ectopic pregnancies sterility

Question 29

Gonorrhoea in men

Answer 29

Typically asymptomatic painful urination discharge sterility

Question 30

Syphilis

Answer 30

Sexually transmitted, or in utero, can enter lymph nodes and spreads through body

Question 31

3-80 days later primary single chancre at infection site contains spirochetes formation of gummy’s in skin bone and nervous system

Answer 31

Syphilis

Question 32

Chlamydia

Answer 32

Sexual contact, hand to eye, most common cause of newborn conjunctivitis

Question 33

Symptoms in women: typically asymptomatic, cervix infection w vaginal discharge, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease males: painful urination and urethral discharge

Answer 33

Chlamydia