Week 12

Question 1

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 1

-A mental phenomenon where people unknowingly hold conflicting beliefs or values

Question 2

What is self-completion theory?

Answer 2

-A theory that people strive to fulfill identity-related goals by accumulating indicators of success and engaging in self-symbolizing behavior

Question 3

What is self-symbolizing?

Answer 3

-Behaviors or actions taken to affirm or display one’s identity and commitment to long-term goals

Question 4

What did the Michael Marquadt study examine?

Answer 4

-How identity goals like ambition can override moral concerns

Question 5

What method was used in the research study on identity goal completion?

Answer 5

-Vignettes (short scenarios) in experiments

Question 6

What were the key findings of the identity goal study?

Answer 6

-Identity goals can lead people to justify unethical behavior to maintain their sense of self and ambition

Question 7

What happened in the Enron scandal?

Answer 7

-It revealed widespread small-scale cheating and unethical behavior tied to professional identities

Question 8

How can professional identities be associated with dishonest behavior?

Answer 8

-When ambition or identity goals override ethical standards

Question 9

What is meant by ‘cultivation of distinctive ethical standards’?

Answer 9

-Developing and maintaining moral principles unique to a specific profession or group

Question 10

What is the socialization of new members?

Answer 10

-The process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms and values of a profession or community

Question 11

What is social control of deviants?

Answer 11

-Strategies to correct or prevent behavior that deviates from professional or societal norms

Question 12

What factors have diminished the self-regulatory capacity of professional communities?

Answer 12

-A shift in market power from professionals to clients
-Internal pressures
-External pressures

Question 13

What are 3 signs of decline in professional control?

Answer 13

Polarization

de-professionalization

corporatization

Question 14

How has the pharmaceutical industry impacted professional independence?

Answer 14

By shaping what information is shared and becoming a powerful force in how healthcare decisions are made, the pharmaceutical industry has reduced professional independence

Question 15

What was the “golden age” of professional control?

Answer 15

-A period when professionals had strong autonomy and financial flow (especially in healthcare)

1940s - 1970s