Week 9 Flashcards
What is the work-family role system
-The system of roles split across gendered lines: male work role, female work role, male family role, and female family role
How do gender roles influence work-family dynamics?
-Women often take part-time or flexible work and do more unpaid labor; men often work longer hours and are seen as financial providers
What is gender substitution in the context of work and family roles?
-The idea that men and women are expected to fulfill different societal roles, often based on traditional gender norms
What is the difference between work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC)
-WFC is when work interferes with family life; FWC is when family demands interfere with work responsibilities
What are outcomes of family-work conflict
-Poor well-being, fewer career opportunities, and negative family outcomes
How do men and women differ in experiencing work-family conflict
-Women often feel independent and conflicted between roles; men experience role integration, seeing work as fulfilling family duties
What is border theory
-A theory examining the boundaries between work and home life, ranging from full separation to full integration
-High integration means little distinction between work and home
What is boundary permeability and flexibility (Glavin and Schieman)
-Permeability: the idea that the rules in one sphere can be physically located in the other- one can physically be somewhere else, but mentally back at work
-Jobs with high work pressure often increase boundary permeability, push work into family time
-Flexibility: work allows you the flexibility to go outside normal spacial circumstances (you can step away from the office work to work from home with a sick kid for example)
What causes increased role blurring
-factors like long hours, intense demands, and the pressure to adhere to “ideal worker” norms, leading to the acceptance or embrace of unwieldy job demands
How do contract workers differ from full-time workers in managing work-family boundaries?
-They often have more autonomy and flexibility but rely on networks and have limited job security
What advantages do per diem (by the day) and traveling nurses have?
-Flexibility in scheduling and buffer from workplace expectations like unpaid overtime
What are components of family friendly jobs
reasonable time demands
managerial support
What are examples of family-friendly benefits?
-Flexible work schedules, childcare support, and paid parental leave
What is the fairness critique of family-friendly benefits?
-They’re not equally available to all workers, and non-users may take on extra work without compensation
What are common explanations for division of household labor?
-Rational economic decisions, relative resources, time availability, and gender ideologies
What is the “doing gender” approach to housework?
-Housework is performed as part of one’s gender identity, not just task allocation
How does household labor differ in same-sex vs different-sex couples?
-Same-sex couples more often share tasks equally and base division on skill or preference
What is the “motherhood penalty”?
-Wage and promotion penalties women face after taking time off to raise children
What is employment scarring
-Gaps in employment, such as for childcare, that negatively affect future job opportunities
What is signaling
-the idea that unemployment time signals to employers that the parent is more committed to children than their career
How does signaling affect job prospects after a parenting gap?
-Employers may assume the parent is less career-committed, which hurts their chances
How do the concepts of independent versus interdependent work and family roles differ between men and women?
women more often experience their work and family roles as independent—feeling guilt and stress when separating them
men typically see them as interdependent, where work is viewed as a means to support their family role
How does role integration (or congruence) benefit men in managing work and family responsibilities?
-Men may experience fewer conflicts because their work role is seen as part of their overall family identity, allowing long work hours to be justified as fulfilling their provider role
How does contractual status offer unique advantages for negotiating work-family boundaries?
-Contract workers often have more autonomy over their hours and deadlines, allowing them to better manage personal and family responsibilities
