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Neuroanatomy > week 12 > Flashcards

week 12 Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

ascending pathways are important in assessing

A

gait, cerebellar function, postural responses, prognosis

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2
Q

all sensory modalities come into CNS via

A

aferent neurons

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3
Q

some afferent neurons initiate

A

relfexes

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4
Q

all ascending pathways travel up cord to reach

A

brain

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5
Q

most ascending pathways synapse on

A

ascending projection neurons

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6
Q

some travel directly from

A

cord to brain

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7
Q

afferent modalities important to us

A

nociception and proprioception

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8
Q

all ascending pathways start at

A

a receptor

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9
Q

ascending pathways are _____

A

pseudounipolar, GP, GSA

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10
Q

most ascending pathways synapse on

A

neuron in dorsal gray horn (interneuron for reflex or ascending projection neuron to brain)

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11
Q

location of ascending pathways in spinal cord

A

in dorsal and lateral funiculi (especially superficially in lateral);

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12
Q

why could this placement be a problem

A

compression; afferent damaged first

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13
Q

there are ____ proprioceptive tracts

A

9

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14
Q

conscious tracts travel to

A

thalamus, then parietal lobe

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15
Q

unconscious tracts travel to

A

cerebellum

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16
Q

are pelvic limb tracts more superficial or less superfacial than other prsts

A

more superficial

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17
Q

unconscious proprioception is composed of how many tracts

A

5

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18
Q

all unconscious prprioceptive tracts carry proprioceptive information to

A

cerebellum (from same side of body to same side of cerebellum)

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19
Q

dorsal and ventral spinocerebelar tracts are both from

A

pelvic limb

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20
Q

both travel up the _____ into cerebellumc

A

caudal peduncle

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21
Q

dorsal spinocerebrellar on

A

same side

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22
Q

ventral spinocerebellar on

A

opposite side; but crosses back in cerebellum

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23
Q

cuneocerebellar, rostral spinocerebellar and cervicospinocerebellar tracts all carry information from

A

thoracic limbs

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24
Q

which ones do not synapse on APN

A

cuneocerebellar tract

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25
fasciculus cuneous
lateral part of dorsal funiculus in which the cuneocerebellar tract travels; travels up caudal peduncle into cerebellum
26
rostral spinocerebellar and cervicocerebllar tracts cary info from
thoracic limbs and neck
27
how many major conscious proprioceptive tracts are tehre
4
28
conscious proprioceptive tracts ultimately carry information to
parietal lobe
29
conscious afferent proprioceptive neurons dont synapse in
cord
30
all conscious proprioceptive tracts traevl to
medulla to snapse on interneurons; interneurons will ascend brainstem in a specific tract
31
pathway of conscious proprioceptive tracts
to mthalamus, relay neuron, pareital lobe
32
conscious propreioceptive tract cross over?
yes
33
fasciculus gracillis carries
conscious proprioception from pelvic limb on same side to medulle; synapse on interneurons
34
where do fasciculus gracillis axons cross
rostrally in medulla lumniscus
35
fasciculus cuneatus
pretty much same as px
36
spinomedullary tract carries info from
pelvic limbs
37
spinocervicothalamic tract
all four limbs and flank
38
doesa lall conscious proprioception croos in medulla
yes
39
what to look for with ataxia
hea, neck, body posture limb placement wide stance limb movement: too high or not high enough?
40
compressive cord lesions include
herniated disc | tumor vertebral
41
large fibers function in
proprioception
42
large fibers signs with increasing compression
proprioceptive deficis
43
progonosis when large fibers comrpressed
good
44
medium sized fibers function in
voluntary movement
45
signs with increasing compression of medium sized fibers
paresis, paralysis
46
prognosis of paressis, paralysiss
fiar
47
small fiber size function
superficial pain
48
signs of increasing compression of small fibers
loss of cutaneous sensation
49
prognosis of small fiber compression
fair
50
extra small fiber function
deep pain
51
prognsosis with extra small fiber compression
poor
52
nociception is used for
prognosis; not localization
53
if deep pain is present after trauma
90-95% chance of restoring some function
54
deep pain absent after trauma
5-10% chance
55
disc herniation deep pain absent
more than 5-% change
56
mosat important tract in ma is the
lateral spinothalamic tract; (1p0% crossover)
57
in domestics, travel
all nocicpetive tracts scattered in all funcuiculus
58
pain from head
trigeminal nerve to trigeminal ganglion to pons
59
fibers in spinal tract of CN V synapse on
neurons in nucleus spinal tract of CN V
60
Axons from CN V travel
to thalamus, internal capsule, parietal lobe
61
unilateral forebrain lesion
fairly normal pain sensation from limbs/trunk (may see controlateral)
62
CN V crossover
100%
63
normal mentation starts in
brainstem
64
reticular ____
formation
65
all sensory projection neurons feed into
reticular formation
66
neurons from RF send axons to
thalamus
67
relay neurons from thalamus send fibers to
all cerebral cortical areas
68
ascending reticular activating system keeps cortex ____
awake "seat of consciousness"
69
to see changes in mentation with forebrain lesion, must be
severe and/ or diffuse (generalized)
70
gait
how an animal moves
71
what is needed for gait
all components of NS needed (spinal cord, brainstem, vestibular and cerebellar)
72
to walk normally you need
``` brainstem (umn centers) cerebellum vestibular system proprioceptive tracts UMN tracts LMN tracts muscles ```
73
distinguish neurological cases from
musculoskeletal
74
what is tone
small amount of muscle contraction
75
tone is under control of
muscle spindles
76
sensitivity of spindles under control of
UMN
77
UMN are inhibitory to
Gamma efferents without UMN
78
wihtout umns, spindles are
super sensitive
79
how is tone assessed
by palpating all muscle groups
80
assessment of extensor muscles
can they bear weight? hopping and hemiwalking sway test compression of withers/croup
81
flexor muscles
withdrawal relfex (hold on to foot and assess strength)
82
postural responses go to
forebrain
83
in unilateral forebrain disease, deficits on
opposite side
84
one umn center in forebrain responsible for
adjusting posture
85
all postural responses use
``` afferent neurons (GP) ascending proprioceptive tracts forebrain and cerebellum descending UMN tracts LMN (GSE) muscles ```
86
are postural responses useful in localizing lesions
no
87
proprioceptive positioning
support weight of animal so doesnt lose strength | knuckle paw over and set in place on dorsum (normal animal will quickly reposition paw)
88
proprioceptive positioning horse
can pick up foot and drop it, catch foot; can watch feet going over curbs
89
hopping
support animal so all weight is on one limb; support abdomen in hand and pull hind limbs off ground then support one thoracic limb hopping shift dog to make sure weight is on midline hop laterally and forward medially doesnt work well; also tests strenght
90
hopping in horse
cant support weight but can hop them
91
wheelbarrowing tests
tests everything from T2 cranially
92
wheelbarrowing
support animals pelvic limbs walk forward on thoracic limbs look for normal movement and symmetry then, pick up head so they cant see feet
93
extensor postural thrust
hands under thoracic limb slowly lower pelvic limbs animal should take steps backward look for extension of pelvic limbs
94
wheelbarrowing in horse
walk horse down hill
95
extensor postural thrust
lift limbs on one side walk animal away from you (laterally)look for normal symmetrical movement also tests strength
96
extnesor postural thrust in horse
can grab halter and tail, and push away from you
97
placing
``` do tactile first blind fold/cover eyes bring dorsum of paw to edge of table once paw makes cantact they shuld pick up paw and place on table then do visual difficult to pick up deficits ```
98
tonic neck
elevate head and should see hindlimb flexion and forelimb extension; lower head and should see opposite;
99
tonic neck utilizes
vestibular system
100
horse tonic neck
cant do
101
righting
if annimal is up and walking, you know they can right themselves
102
sway test
can you sway him by pulling tail to one side

Neuroanatomy (16 decks)

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