Week 12 Content Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is ataxia
The loss of order/coordination
What do movements require
Even simple movements require proper coordination to allow for smooth movements
- Agonist and antagonist muscles are working in sync
- Timing, magnitude, and rhythm of movement needs to be working properly
Intermediate cerebellar hemisphere lesion symptoms
- Pendular reflexes
- Ataxia
These symptoms occur primarily in the distal limbs
What are pendular reflexes
A lack of a singular/shortened response to a stimulus (i.e. swinging leg after a knee tap)
What does ataxia in intermediate cerebellar hemisphere lesions involve
- Dysrhythmia
- Dysmetria
- Intentional/action tremor
- Dysdiadochokinesia
- Dysarthria
What is dysrhythmia
Abnormal timing of movement
What is dysmetria
Abnormal amplitude of movement
- Leads to improper movement trajectories
What is an intentional/action tremor
A tremor that occurs only during voluntary movement that worsens throughout the movement duration
What is dysdiadochokinesia
Difficulty with fast alternating movements
What is dysarthria
Poor flow and rhythm of speech
- Irregular in volume and tone
Tests for intermediate cerebellar hemisphere lesions
- Finger-nose-finger test
- Holding limbs up in front of you
- Maintaining a regular rhythm
Midline cerebellar/vermis lesions symptoms
- Ataxia of the legs, hips, and trunk (during sit and stand)
- Broad based staggering gait (ataxic gait)
- Poor standing posture
What causes anterior lobe syndrome
Typically chronic alcoholism with poor nutrition
- Causes truncal ataxia and an ataxic gait
What does the flocculonodular lobe/inferior vermis do
Coordinates balance and eye reflexes
- Vestibular coordination function
Flocculonodular lobe/inferior vermis lesion symptoms
- Unstable when standing and walking (normal when seated/reclined)
- Difficulty with smooth visual tracking of moving objects
- Inability to suppress the visual ocular reflex
What makes up the basal ganglia
Five interconnect nuclei deep in within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres
What are the the five interconnected nuclei
- Caudate
- Globus Pallidus
- Putamen
- Subthalamic Nucleus
- Substantia Nigra
Caudate Nucleus (anatomy)
- C-shaped
- Head (wider)
- Body
- Tail (tapers off)
What does the caudate nucleus create
The lateral wall of the lateral ventricles
What sits at the tail of the caudate nucleus
The amygdala
Where is the caudate nucleus relative to the internal capsule
Medial
What are cellular bridges
White matter that connects the caudate to other regions of the basal ganglia on the other side of the internal capsule
What makes up the globus pallidus
- Globus pallidus externus (GPe)
- Globus pallidus internus (GPi)
Where is the globus pallidus relative to the internal capsule
Lateral
- GPi is in between the internal capsule and GPe
