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Ultrasound Physics > Week 12 Two Dimensional Imaging > Flashcards

Week 12 Two Dimensional Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Channel?

A

The combination of the active element, wire, and system electronics

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2
Q

What are the three type of array transducers?

A
  1. Linear
  2. Annular
  3. Convex/Curvilinear
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3
Q

Linear

A

Active elements are arranged in a straight line.

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4
Q

Annular

A

Elements are arranged as circular rings with a common center.

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5
Q

Convex/ Curvilinear

A

Active elements are arranged in a bowed or arched line.
AKA:
curved
curvilinear array

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6
Q

What are the type of transducers?

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Annular Phased
  3. Linear Phased array
  4. Linear sequential array
  5. Convex/ Curvilinear sequential array
  6. Vector array
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7
Q

What 2 transducers are antiquated and no longer used?

A
  1. Mechanical transducer
  2. Annular phased array
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8
Q

What type of transducer is used in echo?

A

Linear Phased array

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9
Q

What type of transducers are used in vascular?

A
  1. Linear sequential array
  2. Curvilinear sequential array
  3. Vector Array
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10
Q

How many crystals are used in a mechanical transducer?

A

Single Disc

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11
Q

What kind of focus does a mechanical transducer have?

A

Fixed focusing

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12
Q

What kind of steering does a mechanical transducer have?

A

Mechanical steering

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13
Q

What shape of an image does a mechanical transducer have?

A

Sector shape

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14
Q

What happens when a mechanical transducer have a broken crystal?

A

Loss of Entire image

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15
Q

What shape and # of crystals does an annular phased transducer have?

A

4 or 5-ring circular shaped.

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16
Q

What type of focus does an annular phased transducer have?

A

Electronic focusing

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17
Q

What type of steering does an annular phased transducer have?

A

Mechanical steering

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18
Q

What image shape does an annular phase transducer have?

A

Sector Shape

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19
Q

What happens when a crystal is broken in an annular phased transducer?

A

Horizontal or side to side band dropout.

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20
Q

How many crystals are in a Linear Phased array Transducer?

A

100-300 crystals

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21
Q

What kind of focus does a Linear Phased array transducer have?

A

Electronic Multi-focus

22
Q

What kind of steering does a linear phased array transducer have?

A

Electronic Phasing

23
Q

What shape image does a linear phased array transducer create?

A

Fan or sector shaped

24
Q

When a Linear Phased Array transducer has broken crystals, what happens to the image?

A

Erratic steering, depends on how many and where the crystals are broken.

25
How many crystals does a linear sequential array transducer have?
120-250 crystals
26
What kind of focus and steering does a Linear Sequential array transducer have?
Electronic
27
What shape image does a linear sequential array transducer create?
Rectangular
28
When a Linear Sequential array transducer's crystals break, What happens to the image?
Blackout extending directly downward from the damaged element. VERTICAL DROUPOUT!
29
How big is a linear sequential array transducer?
1 wavelength thick
30
How big is a Linear Phased Array transducer?
1/4 - 1/2 Wavelength thick
31
How many crystals does a curvilinear sequential array transducer have?
120 - 250 crystals
32
What kind of focus and steering does a Curvilinear sequential array transducer have?
Electronic focus Electronic Steering
33
What shape image does a Curvilinear sequential array transducer create?
Blunted sector
34
What happens to the image when crystals from a Curvilinear sequential array transducer break?
VERTICAL DROPOUT
35
How big is a Curvilinear Sequential Array transducer?
1 Wavelength thick
36
How many crystals does a Vector Array Transducer have?
120 - 250 Crystals
37
What type of Focus and steering does a Vector Array transducer have?
Electronic Focus Electronic Steering
38
What shape image does a Vector Array Transducer create?
Trapezoid
39
What happens when crystals from a Vector Array Transducer break?
Poor steering and focusing. Depends on how many crystals and where crystals are located along the transducer. Dropout occurs.
40
What does "Phased Array" mean?
Always means adjustable and multi-focus.
41
True or False, Mechanical scanning produces pictures that are similar in shape to linear phased array images?
True, Mechanical scanning and linear phased array create sector shaped images.,
42
True or False, Many active elements fire at almost the same time in a mechanical scanner.
False, there is only 1 active element in a mechanical scanner.
43
True or False, Many active elements fire at almost the same time in a phased array scanner.
True, many active elements fire at almost the same time in a phased array scanner.
44
What transducer is best described as mechanically steered and fixed, single focused.
Mechanical transducer.
45
What transducer is best described as mechanically steered and multi-focus?
Annular phased Array Transducer
46
A linear phased array transducer has 128 crystals. How many of these crystals are fired to create a single sound beam?
128
47
A Linear sequential array transducer has 128 crystals, How many of these crystals are fired to create a single sound beam?
a small group. With linear sequential array transducers, a small group of active elements are fired to create each sound pulse.
48
In a linear phased array, what is the firing pattern that steers a beam to the left of right?
The firing pattern that steers a beam to the left or right is Electronic Slope.
49
In a linear phased arrays what is the firing pattern that focuses a sound beam?
The firing pattern that focuses a sound beam is electronic curvature.
50
True or False, there are large time delays in the firing pattern of a linear phased array transducer.
False

Ultrasound Physics (10 decks)

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