Week 1.3.3: Psychological and Social Factors Flashcards
(27 cards)
These are conditions caused by multiple factors, not just one.
For psychotic disorders, this means various risk factors must combine to trigger the disorder.
Multifactorial Disorders
These are different risk factors that interact with each other to cause the disorder.
It’s important to study how these factors work together rather than in isolation.
Causal Partners
These include factors like stress, trauma, or social isolation.
Environmental/Social Environmental Risk Factors
Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more susceptible to developing psychotic disorders.
Genetic Vulnerability
The interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors can increase the risk of developing psychotic disorders. Current evidence, although limited, supports this interaction.
Gene-Environment Interaction
A substitute measure used when direct measurement is not possible.
Proxy Marker
How do Family History and Urbanicity impact the development of psychosis?
The study found that individuals with both a family history of psychotic disorder and exposure to urban environments had a higher risk of developing psychosis.
This suggests that genetic and environmental factors together increase the risk more than each factor alone.
A field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
Molecular Genetics
A measure used to assess the health of newborns immediately after birth, focusing on factors like heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex response, and color.
Low scores indicate obstetric complications or distress.
Apgar Score
Delays in reaching normal developmental milestones, such as walking or talking at the expected age.
Developmental Delays
Indicators that can signal developmental issues and potential risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Neurodevelopmental Markets
This suggests that being exposed to multiple risk factors simultaneously can have a greater impact on the likelihood of developing psychotic disorders.
Combined Effect
These are factors in one’s social environment that can increase the risk of developing psychotic disorders.
Examples include childhood abuse and adverse life events in adulthood.
Social Environmental Risks
Experiences of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse during childhood.
Childhood Adversity
Stressful or traumatic events that occur during adulthood, such as loss of a loved one, financial difficulties, or severe illness.
Adult Adversity
These are broader factors in the physical environment that can affect health.
Examples include exposure to toxins, pollution, natural disasters, and climate conditions.
Environmental Risks
The additional risk that arises when multiple risk factors are present together, beyond what would be expected if you simply added the individual risks.
Excess Risk
Is a system involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, which regulates stress responses
HPA Axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal)
Involves dopamine neurotransmitters, which play a key role in reward and pleasure mechanisms
Dopaminergic Systems
Refers to how individuals explain the causes of events and behaviors
It can be internal (attributing events to personal factors) or external (attributing events to external factors)..
Attributional Style
Attributing experiences to external factors rather than internal ones
External Locus of Control
This is when a person attributes the cause of an event to internal factors, such as their own abilities, efforts, or characteristics.
Example: “I failed the exam because I didn’t study enough.”
Internal Attribution
This is when a person attributes the cause of an event to external factors, such as the environment, other people, or luck.
Example: “I failed the exam because the questions were unfair.”
External Attribution
A psychological concept that refers to how strongly people believe they have control over the situations and experiences that affect their lives.
It can be internal or external.
Locus of Control
