Week 14 Exam 3

Question 1

• Be able to describe the “four trajectories of dying.”

Answer 1

o Sudden death
o Terminal illness
o Organ failure
o Frailty

Question 2

• Be able to identify the most common cause of death worldwide (for the population as a whole).

Answer 2

o As of 2019, heart disease was the most common cause of death worldwide. It accounted for 9 million deaths recorded that year; stroke and COPD were second and third (WHO, 2020).

Question 3

• Be able to identify a major cause of injury-related deaths among older adults, and at least two preventative precautions.

Answer 3

o Common causes of death also vary by age. In the United States, the most common cause of death for infants less than one year old is congenital abnormality (WISQARS, 2022). From ages 1 to 44, the most common cause is unintentional injury/accident. Even within that category, however, there are age-related differences. For children aged 1 to 4, the most common type of fatal unintentional injury is drowning, while from 5 to 24, it is motor vehicle accidents (CDC, n.d.). In many developing nations, infectious diseases and malnutrition are more commonly the causes of death, especially in children under five (Abubakari et al., 2019; Djoumessi, 2022; GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators,

Question 4

• Be able to explain one common feature and one difference between hospice and palliative care.

Answer 4

similarities:
- for people with serious illness
- comfort care
- pain management
- symptom relief
differences:
hospice
- used when prognosis is 6 mths or less
- no curative intenet
- provided in home setting
- treatment has been discontinued

palliative care
- used at any stage of a disease
- can have a curative intent
- provided in clinical or home setting
- can be paired with treatment