Week 19 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Identify what the criteria used to distinguish normality from abnormality are
Normality is when the behaviour does not deviate from the sociocultural norms and expectations
Less culturalists deem normality on if it poses a threat or not
Understand the difference among the three main etiological theories of mental illness
Supernatural-developing from origins beyond the visible observable universe
Somatogenic-physical bodily origins
Psychogenic-psych origins
Describe specific beliefs or events in history that exemplify each of these etiological theories
Trephination-drill into heads to treat injuries and epilepsy (supernatural origins)
Humorism-somatogenic
Explain the differences in treatment facilities for the mentally ill
Modern treatments are asylums and hospitals
In the old days, treatments for mental illnesses was like bleedings, emetics, purges
Describe the features of the “moral treatment” approach used by Chiarughi, Pinel and Tuke
Unshackling patients, moving them to well-aired, well lit rooms, and encouraging purposeful activity and freedom to move around the grounds
Describe the reform efforts of Dix and Beers and the outcomes of their work
Dix moved to change the negative perceptions of people with mental illness, and helped create institutes where they could receive compassionate care
Describe Krapelin’s classification of mental illness and the current DSM system
research, and allowed clinicians to be reimbursed by insurance companies for their services, it is not without criticism. The DSM is based on clinical and research findings from Western culture, primarily the United States. It is also a medicalized categorical classification system that assumes disordered behavior does not differ in degree but in kind, as opposed to a dimensional classification system that would plot disordered behavior along a continuum
Animism
The belief that everyone and everything had a “soul” and that mental illness was due to animistic causes
Biopsychosocial model
a model in which the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is seen as influencing the development of the individual
Cathartic method
A therapeutic procedure introduced by Breuer and developed further by Freud in the late 19th century whereby a patient gains insight and emotional relief from recalling and reliving traumatic events
Cultural relativism
the idea that cultural norms and values of a society can be understood on their own terms or in their own context
Humorism (humoralism)
A belief held by ancient Greek and Roman physicians , that an excess or deficiency in any of four bodily fluids, or humors (directly affected their health and temperament
Hysteria
Term used by the ancient Greeks and Egyptians to describe a disorder believed to be caused by a woman’s uterus wandering throughout the body and interfering with other organs (today referred to as conversion disorder, in which psychological problems are expressed in physical form).
“Traitement moral” (moral treatment)
A therapeutic regimen of improved nutrition, living conditions, and rewards for productive behavior that has been attributed to Philippe Pinel during the French Revolution, when he released mentally ill patients from their restraints and treated them with compassion and dignity rather than with contempt and denigration
Understand the relationship between anxiety and anxiety disorders
Anxiety is a negative mood state that is accompanied by bodily symptoms like an increased heart rate, muscle tension, a sense of unease ( a good thing-motivates us)
Anxiety disorders-too intense, not useful, interferes with someone’s life too much
Identify key vulnerabilities for developing anxiety and related disorders
Influences that our early experiences have on how we view the world (stress or trauma)
Identify main diagnostic features of specific anxiety-related disorders
The primary anxiety related diagnoses include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, OCD
Panic Disorder
For Panic disorder-the person must have unexpected panic attacks and continued intense anxiety and avoidance related to the attack for at least a month, interfering with their lives
Specific Phobia
For Specific Phobia-there must be an irrational fear of a specific object or situation that substantially interferes with the person’s ability to function
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder diagnoses you must have social fear and anxiety so strong that you avoid them all together, or endure them with great stress
PTSD
PTSD diagnoses-you must have experienced an event, and then continue to reexperience them (via nightmares or memories), having a flashback (vivid memory), this would make the individual avoid everything related to this event and then interfere with daily life functioning
OCD
OCD-the person must receive obsessive thoughts or doubts that keep coming to their mind, this might cause compulsion to be carried out in an attempt to get rid of the thoughts
Differentiate between disorder and non-disordered functioning
Disordered functioning does not interfere with daily life activities whereas disordered functioning does affect everyday tasks
