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Epithelial > week 19 (skin microbial interactions and wound healing) > Flashcards

week 19 (skin microbial interactions and wound healing) Flashcards

1
Q

within skin environments, what substance disrupts the balance

A

antibacterial wash

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2
Q

microbes colonise moist and oliy skin regions around what structure

A

hair follicles

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3
Q

_____prevents bacterial penetration to the dermis

A

keratinisation

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4
Q

gland secretions contain defences including slightly acidic sweat and what?

A

antimicrobial peptides

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5
Q

damaged skin gives opportunities for microbes to invade what layers (3)

A

hypodermis
subcutaneous fat layer
blood stream

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6
Q

damaged skin gives opportunities for microbes to invade the hypodermis, subcutaneous fat layer and blood stream where they can cause what

A

serious illness

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7
Q

what characteristics do Langerhans cells possess

A

motile dendritic cell in epidermis
antigen presenting: phagocytose pathogens and present antigenic surface proteins to T cells

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8
Q

what characteristics to Keratinocytes possess

A

possess toll like receptors (TLRs)
detect pathogens
release cytokines to induce Langerhans and T cell movement to site of infection

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9
Q

what are characteristics of dermal dendritic cells, macrophages and innate lymphoid cells (ILC )

A

antigen presenting in dermis
ILCs orchestrate immune responses among T cells and can suppress attack of helpful bacteria

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10
Q

how many phases are there in the skin wound healing response

A

3

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11
Q

what are the 3 phases in the skin wound healing response

A

Inflammatory phase
Proliferative Phase
Remodelling Phase (maturation phase)

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12
Q

when does the inflammatory phase occur in the wound healing response

A

first 48 hours

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13
Q

what occurs in the inflammatory phase within the skin wound healing response

A

release of inflammatory cytokines

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14
Q

within the inflammatory phase in the skin wound healing response the release of inflammatory cytokines promote what

A

promotes immune cell chemotaxis (macrophage, T cells) to site of wound
accumulation = pus

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15
Q

what is the cell of origin for EGF

A

platelets, macrophages

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16
Q

what is the cell of origin for FGF

A

macrophages, mast cells, T lymphocytes, endothelial cells

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17
Q

what are the cells of origin for IFN (alpha, beta, and gamma)

A

lymphocytes, fibroblasts

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18
Q

what are the cells of origin for Ils (1, 2, 6, 8)

A

macrophages, mast cells, keratinocytes, lymphocytes

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19
Q

what are the cells of origin for KGF

A

fibroblasts

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20
Q

what are the cells of origin for PDGF

A

platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells

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21
Q

what are the cells of origin for TGF-alpha

A

macrophages, T lymphocytes, keratinocytes

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22
Q

what are the cells of origin for TGF-beta

A

platelets, T lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes

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23
Q

whar are the cells of origin for thromboxane A2

A

destroyed wound cells

24
Q

what are the cells of origin for TNF

A

macrophages, mast cells, T lymphocytes

25
Q

in the skin wound healing response what is the length of time for the proliferative phase

A

first 1-2 weeks

26
Q

in the skin wound healing response, within the proliferative phase, where do growth and division of epithelial cells come from

A

stratum basale (epithelization)

27
Q

in the proliferative phase, where does angiogenesis occur

A

dermis

28
Q

in the proliferative phase, what occurs in the dermis

A

angiogenesis

29
Q

in the proliferative phase where does fibroblast proliferation occur

A

dermis

30
Q

in the proliferative phase, fibroblast proliferation in dermis deposits what

A

collagen

31
Q

in the proliferative phase, fibroblast proliferation in dermis deposit collagen to create what

A

supporting matrix over which the epidermal keratinocytes can grow

32
Q

in the proliferative phase, fibroblasts produce what

A

dermal granulation tissue

33
Q

within the skin wound healing response, how long does the remodelling phase last

A

2 weeks -> months/years

34
Q

in the remodelling phase, there can be a result of scarring, why?

A

type III collagen becomes replaced by Type I

35
Q

in the remodelling phase, cross linking of collagen helps what

A

increases tensile strength

36
Q

in the remodelling phase, what increases tensile strength

A

cross linking of collagen

37
Q

what are antibiotic peptides produced by

A

skin epithelial cells

38
Q

Beta defensins form part of what

A

innate immune response mechanism

39
Q

permeabilize bacterial outer wall causes what

A

lysis

40
Q

staphylococcus epidermidis is gram _____

A

positive

41
Q

staphylococcus epidermidis is ______ and ______ coloniser of what

A

permanent and ubiquitous colonsier of human skin

42
Q

staphylococcus epidermidis resists colonisation of

A

other bacteria

43
Q

staphylococcus epidermidis has mechanisms for what

A

host immune evasion

44
Q

what skin condition causes boils and abscesses

A

staphylococcus aureus

45
Q

what skin condition (bacteria) colonises the human skin, lung, and gut

A

staphylococcus aureus

46
Q

what does staphylococcus aureus secrete (name as many as possible (7))

A

coagulase (blood clots)
hyaluronidase (breaks down desmosomes junction between cells)
staphylokinase (degrades fibrin and basement membrane attachments
lipase(degrades protective sebaceous oils)
lactamase (degrades penicillin)
catalase (resists reactive oxygen species attack)
virulence factors (causes rapid colonisation)

47
Q

staphylococcus aureus infection of the skin (whats the name)

A

folliculitis

48
Q

what does quorum sensing mean

A

homeostatic mechanism involving released peptide signals (autoinducer peptides, AIPS) that keep bacterial population stable

49
Q

acne is an anearobic bacterium found where

A

in dermal pores and hair follicles

50
Q

what is the nutrient source for acne (Propionibacterium acnes)

A

sebum, shed keratin

51
Q

elevated sebum secretion is increased by what

A

induced by sex hormones
follicle blockage provides perfect growth conditions

52
Q

what is sebum produced by

A

holocrine secretion

53
Q

malassezia is found where

A

common fungal commensal of human skin

54
Q

malessezia is part of what

A

normal flora of the epidermis

55
Q

where is demodex mites found

A

normal skin fauna found in hair follicles on the cheeks

56
Q

mites ad rosacea called what

A

demodex mites

57
Q

what is rosacea

A

inflammation and thickening of the skin

Epithelial (12 decks)

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