Week 2 Flashcards
What are the extracellular compartments
Interstital fluid, blood, lymph
Why does water act as a solvent
It is a dipolar molecule, so it makes hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules
What are acids and bases
Acids release hydrogen ions (protons), bases accept hydrogen ions
When is the buffer at the greatest capacity
When pH is near the pKa
What are the byproducts in metabolism
CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid (normal metabolism), lactic acid and ketone bodies (metabolic acid) , Sulfuric acid (inorganic acid)
Buffers of the body
Bicarbonate, phosphate and hemoglobin
how is CO2 and NH4 removed
CO2 by expiration of CO2 and excrete ammonium through kidneys
What is a buffer
Buffer is a solution with an undissociated acid and its conjugate base, conjugate base forms because of the acid lost a proton, this solution resists changes in pH from addition of H and OH
What is the weight percentage of body weight in adults and children
50% to 60% for adults, 75% for children
Why is the shape of water molecule important
Water consists of two hydrogen atoms that are covalently linked to oxygen, and it forms a bent shape. If it was linear, it would be a nonpolar substance. Bent configuration, dipole forms to make the molecule polar. This forms hydrogen bond.
How many bonds can water form and some properties of water
4 bonds and this gives it a high boiling point, melting point, heat of vaporization, and surface tension.
How is the water arranged in ice
Each H atom donates a H bond to the O of the neighbouring water molecule and the O atom from neighbouring molecule is the H acceptor , forming a tetrahedral structure.
What are the H bond kj/mol in covalent and H bonds between neighbouring molecules
420 kJ/mol for H-O covalent bond. 23 kJ/mol, H2O bonding between molecules
How is water molecule arranged with organic molecules
Hydrogen faces the anion, oxygen faces the cation
Strength of hydrogen bonds and how long does it last
4 kcal, 10 picosecond, 2.4 nano second in the hydration shell of an ion
Electrolytes
Electrolytes is a term given to bicarbonate and inorganic anions and cations
What are the different electrolytes in ECF and ICF
ECF has Na and Cl which are found in plasma and interstitial fluid, K and HPO4 which is in ICF
Osmolality
is proportional to the total concentration of dissolved molecules, such as ions, organic metabolites and proteins, expressed as mOsm/kg water
How does osmolality allow for movement of capillary fluid
In the capillary, the fluid will move from a compartment of low concentration of solutes (lower osmolality) to compartment of high concentration
Osmotic pressure
the force it takes to keep equal amounts of water on both sides of the membrane
hyperglycemia
Loss of water in blood, causing high concentration of glucose
Kd
dissociation constant for water, shows the relationship between H+, OH- and H2O
How is the concentration of acid found
Dissociation of acid of hydrogen ion and conjugate base
How does Ka affect the acid
Higher Ka means the acid will dissociate the proton easier
