Week 2

Question 1

What are the 2 types of bone?

Answer 1

Compact (Cortical) Bone
Spongy (Trabecular/Cancellous) Bones

Question 2

What are the 3 areas of bone spanning the femur?

Answer 2

Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphysis

Question 3

What organisation is observed in Compact Bone?

Answer 3

Osteons and Haversian Systems

Question 4

What are the 3 types of Cartilage?

Answer 4

Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrous Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage

Question 5

What are the 2 main components of bone?

Answer 5

Cells and Extracellular Matrix

Question 6

What are the 3 cell types present in bone?

Answer 6

Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

Question 7

What are the 3 components of Extracellular Matrix in Bone?

Answer 7

Hydroxyapatite Crystals
Collagen
H₂O

Question 8

What is the structure of Spongy Bone?

Answer 8

It is less dense than compact bone and has trabeculae going in many different direction

Question 9

What are two main components of Cartilage?

Answer 9

Cells and Extracellular Matrix

Question 10

What are the 3 types of Cartilage?

Answer 10

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage

Question 11

What are the 2 types of cells found in Cartilage?

Answer 11

Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes

Question 12

What is another name for bone formation?

Answer 12

Ossification

Question 13

What are 2 types of Ossification?

Answer 13

Endochondral and Intramembranous

Question 14

What is Endochondral Ossification?

Answer 14

Cartilage model forms which is invaded by blood vessels which leads to ossification (cartilage is replaced with bone)

Question 15

What is Intramembranous Ossification?

Answer 15

Mesenchymal Cells develop into Osteoprogenitor Cells which mature into Osteoblasts that deposit bone.

Left over Mesenchymal cells develop into blood vessels and bone marrow.

Question 16

Where would you find bone marrow?

Answer 16

In the Medullary Cavity

Question 17

What is found in the Medullary Cavity?

Answer 17

Bone Marrow

Question 18

What are the 2 types of bone growth?

Answer 18

Appositional and Interstitial

Question 19

What do Osteoclasts do?

Answer 19

These dissolve bone matrix and resorb it (breakdown into component materials and disperse it)

Question 20

What do Osteoblasts do?

Answer 20

They are immature bone cells that come from Osteopregenitor cells of periosteum and Endosteum.

They produce bone matrix and initiate calcification into Osteocytes

Question 21

What do Osteocytes do?

Answer 21

They are mature bone cells found in Lacunae

Question 22

What is the function of the Extracellular Matrix?

Answer 22

It surrounds bone cells and allows for proliferation, response to growth factors, and differentiation.

Question 23

What is the disorder called when Bone Resorption is greater than Formation?

Answer 23

Osteoperosis

Question 24

What is the disorder called when both Bone Resorption and Bone Formation is increased above the normal?

Answer 24

Pagets Disease

Question 25

What is the disorder called when there is decreased Bone Resorption?

Answer 25

Osteopetrosis

Question 26

What are the 3 types of Joint?

Answer 26

Synovial Fibrous Cartilaginous

Question 27

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous Joint?

Answer 27

Synchondroses (Primary) Symphyses (Secondary)

Question 28

What do Synchondroses Joints allow?

Answer 28

They ossify with age and provide no movement in adults.

Question 29

What do Symphyses Joints allow for?

Answer 29

They DO NOT ossify and provide a little movement. Found in midline of body

Question 30

What kind of movement do synovial joint have?

Answer 30

They have the greatest movement

Question 31

What is a synovial joint filled with?

Answer 31

They have a cavity filled with Synovial Fluid

Question 32

What are articulating surfaces of synovial joint covered with?

Answer 32

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 33

What connects bone to bone?

Answer 33

Ligaments

Question 34

What connects muscle to bone?

Answer 34

Tendons