Week 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
A new graduate nurse preparing to administer medications knows that which of the following is required for a drug to move through the body?
Selectivity and effectiveness
The ability to cross membranes
Development of an electric charge
A transporter protein
The ability to cross membranes
The nurse is preparing to give a medication for pain. The label states that the drug is “lipid soluble.” How soon should the nurse expect to observe the effects of the drug?
Slowly
Rapidly
Unpredictably
Variably
Rapidly
The nurse is administering warfarin, an anticoagulant, to a patient with a low albumin level. Which effect of this medication should the nurse expect to observe?
Increased PT/INR levels
Deep vein thromboses
Reduced risk of bruising
Increased platelet aggregation
Increased PT/INR levels
A nurse prepares to administer acetaminophen [Tylenol] to a patient with an oral temperature of 101.7° F. Which preparation would the nurse expect to have the most rapid onset of action?
Tylenol elixir
Tylenol tablets
Tylenol capsules
Tylenol gel caps
Tylenol elixir
The nurse should provide which teaching point when administering an enteric-coated oral tablet to a patient?
“Chew the tablet before swallowing.”
“Break the tablet in half before swallowing.”
“Allow the tablet to be absorbed under the tongue.”
“Swallow the tablet whole after double-checking the dose.
Swallow the tablet whole after double-checking the dose.
When administering a central nervous system depressant, the nurse should closely observe for drug toxicity in which patient?
A 3-week-old neonate
A 12-year-old boy
A 25-year-old woman
A 15-month-old infant
A 3-week-old neonate
For which reason should the nurse follow safe medication administration for intravenous (IV) medications?
The IV route can result in delayed absorption of the medication.
The IV route results in a delayed onset of action.
Control over the levels of drug in the body is unpredictable.
IV administration is irreversible.
IV administration is irreversible.
The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous (IV) medication. What is the minimum injection time to reduce the risk of harm to the patient?
10 seconds
30 seconds
60 seconds
30 minutes
60 seconds
The nurse administers 100 mg of drug X by mouth. After the drug moves through the hepatic system, very little active drug is left in the general circulation as a result of what?
Therapeutic range
First-pass effect
Drug half-life
Plasma protein binding
First-pass effect
The nurse should instruct a patient complaining of pain to do what to reduce fluctuations in drug levels?
“Take pain medication around the clock at specified intervals and doses.”
“Take pain medication when the pain level reaches an 8 or 9 on a 1 to 10 scale.”
“Take pain medication at night before bed and avoid daytime dosing because of drowsiness.”
“Take pain medication after breakfast and dinner to reduce stomach upset.”
Take pain medication around the clock at specified intervals and doses.”
A nurse is preparing to administer epinephrine to a patient who is having a severe allergic reaction. Which route of administration should the nurse use to provide the fastest and most complete absorption of epinephrine?
A.
Intravenous
B.
Intramuscular
C.
Subcutaneous
D.
Oral
Intraveous
When preparing to administer a sustained-release capsule to a patient, the nurse understands that which of the following is true for sustained-release capsules?
A.
They are usually most costly than pills.
B.
They are rapidly absorbed. (sustained release)
C.
They need to be crushed for appropriate absorption to take place. (not to be crushed)
D.
They need to be taken at regular intervals throughout the day. (rapidly accumulate
They are usually most costly than pills.
The nurse identifies which patient as being at highest risk for slow drug metabolism?
A.
A 2-year-old boy who is prescribed an oral antibiotic (metabolism is functioning fine)
B.
A 14-year-old girl who takes four prescription drugs (over 6 drugs per day have really high drug interactions)
C.
A 56-year-old man who has chronic hepatic disease
D.
A 76-year-old woman who has an elevated temperature (temperature doesn’t affect metabolism)
A 56-year-old man who has chronic hepatic disease
Digoxin has a half-life of 36 to 48 hours. Because of the length of the half-life, the nurse expects dosing to occur how often?
A.
4 times per day
B.
3 times per day
C.
2 times per day
D.
Once a day
Once a day
When teaching a patient who has a gastric ulcer about cimetidine (a histamine H2antagonist) therapy, the nurse should include which information about antagonists?
A.
An antagonist causes a chemical reaction in the stomach.
B.
An antagonist activates receptors in the stomach lining.
C.
An antagonist prevents receptor activation in the stomach.
D.
An antagonist improves receptor sensitivity in the stomach.
C.
An antagonist prevents receptor activation in the stomach.
Which statement about drug agonists does the nurse identify as being true?
A.
An agonist makes physiologic processes go faster.
B.
An agonist exerts effects by causing receptor activation.
C.
An agonist has moderate intrinsic activity.
D.
An agonist is a dynamic component.
B
The nurse understands that the dose-response relationship is graded and should expect to observe which response?
Once a drug is given, the response is predictably all-or-nothing.
The response is maintained at a specific level when the therapeutic objective is achieved.
As the dosage increases, the response becomes progressively greater.
A graded response is based on relative potency and maximal efficacy.
As the dosage increases, the response becomes progressively greater.
The nurse demonstrates the concept of maximal efficacy by administering which drug for a headache that the patient describes as a “mild dullness” and as a 2 on a 1 to 10 scale?
Meperidine [Demerol]
Pentazocine [Talwin]
Aspirin
Morphine sulfate
Aspirin
Which statement by the nursing student indicates a need for further instruction about drug selectivity?
“Botulinum toxin is very selective and therefore very safe for administration.”
“Selective drug action is made possible by many types of receptors in the body.”
“The more selective a drug is, the fewer side effects it will produce.”
“Even though a drug is selective, it can produce nonselective results.” I
Botulinum toxin is very selective and therefore very safe for administration.”
Which drug property is most enhanced by the presence of many different types of receptors throughout the body?
Potency
Safety
Selectivity
Convenience
Selectivity
The drug dobutamine acts as an agonist of norepinephrine (NE) receptors. Which effect is the nurse most likely to observe in a patient receiving this medication?
Increased heart rate
Atrioventricular heart block
Sinus bradycardia
Reduced cardiac output
Increased heart rate
The nurse prepares to give a drug that will prevent receptor activation. Which term would describe this drug?
Antagonist
Selective
Agonist
Potent
Antagonist
Why does the nurse administer naloxone to a patient receiving morphine sulfate who has a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute?
Naloxone causes hypersensitivity of the opioid receptors.
Naloxone prevents the activation of opioid receptors.
Naloxone is a partial agonist, requiring a lesser dose to achieve pain relief.
Naloxone is an agonist, leading to desensitization of the opioid receptors.
Naloxone prevents the activation of opioid receptors.
Why does the nurse monitor the patient closely when administering a drug with a low therapeutic index?
The average lethal dose of the drug is much higher than the therapeutic dose.
The dose required to produce a therapeutic response in 50% of patients is low.
The highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is close to the lethal dose.
There is a low variability of responses to this drug.
The highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is close to the lethal dose.
