Week 4 Flashcards
(27 cards)
The nurse knows that which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume and osmolality?
Liver
Kidneys
Blood vessels
Heart
Kidneys
Which intravenous (IV) fluid would be most appropriate for treating isotonic volume contraction?
0.9% sodium chloride
5% dextrose and water
0.225% sodium chloride
3% sodium chloride and water
0.9% sodium chloride
he nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV therapy with a 3% sodium chloride infusion at 75 mL/hr. The nurse should closely monitor for which adverse effect of treatment?
Blood urea nitrogen of 22 mg/dL
Tenting of the skin and dry mucous membranes
Distended neck veins and ankle edema
Sodium level of 140 mEq/L
Distended neck veins and ankle edema
The nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium to a patient with hypokalemia. Which prescription is the most appropriate?
Potassium chloride 30 mEq in 100 mL IV over 1 hour Incorrect
Potassium chloride 10 mEq in 100 mL IV over 30 minutes
Potassium chloride 10 mEq in 100 mL IV over 1 hour
Potassium chloride 10 mEq IV push over 1 minute
Potassium chloride 10 mEq in 100 mL IV over 1 hour
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving oral magnesium gluconate. Which symptom indicates a common adverse effect of this medication?
Headache
Wheezing
Loose stools
Urinary retention
Loose stools
Which acid-base imbalance is caused by hyperventilation?
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Which acid-base imbalance is caused by retention of CO2 secondary to hypoventilation?
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Which acid-base imbalance is characterized by increases in both the pH and bicarbonate content of plasma?
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Which acid-base imbalance is caused by chronic renal failure, loss of bicarbonate during severe diarrhea, or metabolic disorders that result in overproduction of lactic acid?
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
A patient who is vomiting has the following arterial blood gases: pH 7.49, PaCO2 42.5 mm Hg, and HCO3 28.2 mEq/L. What treatment does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed to correct this imbalance?
Sodium bicarbonate intravenous infusion
Infusion of sodium chloride with potassium chloride
Rebreathing of expired air through a paper bag
Hypertonic solution of 3% sodium chloride
Infusion of sodium chloride with potassium chloride
A patient has a serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. It is appropriate for the nurse to take which action?
Administer the ordered sustained-release potassium tablets [K-Dur].
Immediately stop the infusion of the maintenance IV, which has 30 mEq of potassium in it.
Prepare to administer the ordered intravenous dose of furosemide [Lasix].
Administer the prescribed dose of sodium polystyrene sulfonate [Kayexalate].
Administer the ordered sustained-release potassium tablets [K-Dur].
A patient has a serum potassium level of 6.4 mEq/L and an arterial pH of 7.22. Which medication, if ordered by the physician, should the nurse question?
Sodium bicarbonate infusion
Glucose and insulin infusion
Spironolactone [Aldactone] by mouth
Calcium gluconate infusion
Spironolactone [Aldactone] by mouth
A patient with a serum magnesium level of 0.5 mEq/L receives an intravenous infusion of 10% magnesium at 1.5 mL/min. The nurse should assess the patient for which adverse effects?
Skeletal muscle paralysis, bloating, and ileus
Respiratory paralysis, hypotension, and lethargy
Muscle twitching, disorientation, and seizures
Peaked T wave, tingling of the lips, and anxiety
Respiratory paralysis, hypotension, and lethargy
When providing discharge teaching for a patient who has been prescribed furosemide [Lasix], it is most important for the nurse to include which dietary items to prevent adverse effects of furosemide [Lasix] therapy?
Oranges, spinach, and potatoes
Baked fish, chicken, and cauliflower
Tomato juice, skim milk, and cottage cheese
Oatmeal, cabbage, and bran flakes
Oranges, spinach, and potatoes
A patient is prescribed spironolactone [Aldactone] for treatment of hypertension. Which foods should the nurse teach the patient to avoid?
Baked fish
Low-fat milk
Salt substitutes
Green beans
Salt substitutes
The nurse cares for a patient who is prescribed oral bumetanide twice daily. It is most important for the nurse to take which action?
Monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia.
Insert a urinary catheter and assess the hourly urine output.
Weigh the patient before administering each dose.
Schedule the medication to be given at 0800 and 1400
Schedule the medication to be given at 0800 and 1400
A patient with heart failure who takes furosemide [Lasix] is diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. Which medication, if ordered by the physician, should the nurse question?
Ciprofloxacin [Cipro]
Gentamicin [Garamycin]
Amoxicillin [Amoxcil]
Erythromycin [E-Mycin]
Gentamicin [Garamycin]
The nurse knows that diuretics mostly affect which function of the kidneys?
Cleansing and maintenance of extracellular fluid volume
Maintenance of acid-base balance
Excretion of metabolic waste
Elimination of foreign substances
Cleansing and maintenance of extracellular fluid volume
The nurse plans to closely monitor for which clinical manifestation after administering furosemide [Lasix]?
Decreased pulse
Decreased temperature
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased respiratory rate
Decreased blood pressure
The nurse caring for a patient taking furosemide [Lasix] is reviewing the patient’s most recent laboratory results, which are: sodium, 136 mEq/L; potassium, 3.2 mEq/L; chloride, 100 mEq/L; blood urea nitrogen, 15 mg/dL. What is the nurse’s best action?
Administer Lasix as ordered.
Place the patient on a cardiac monitor.
Begin a 24-hour urine collection.
Hold the Lasix and notify the physician.
Hold the Lasix and notify the physician.
The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect after administering hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] and digoxin [Lanoxin] to a patient?
Digoxin toxicity
Decreased diuretic effect
Dehydration
Heart failure
Digoxin toxicity
he nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who needs a diuretic. Which agent is likely to be chosen, because it has been shown to greatly reduce mortality in patients with heart failure?
Furosemide [Lasix]
Hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL]
Spironolactone [Aldactone]
Mannitol [Osmitrol]
Spironolactone [Aldactone]
he nurse is teaching a patient who has a new prescription for spironolactone [Aldactone]. Which statement by the patient indicates that the teaching was effective?
“I will use salt substitutes to lower my sodium intake.”
“I will increase my intake of foods that are high in potassium.”
“I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities.”
“I will take this medication at bedtime each evening.”
“I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities.”
he healthcare provider orders furosemide [Lasix] 20 mg IV twice daily. The medication available is furosemide [Lasix] 10 mg/mL. How many mL will the nurse administer with each dose?
0.5 mL
1 mL
2 mL
4 mL
2 mL
