Week 2 Flashcards
(86 cards)
What is motivation?
The processes that account for an individual’s direction, intensity and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
Vroom’s expectancy theory (what is it)
Works towards organising other frameworks and theories
Force of motivation
Force of motivation = Σ (V x I x E)
Describe Vroom’s expectancy theory
Main premise: Tendency to act in a certain way depends on the expected outcome of the action and the value of this outcome (theory is about errors in between)
Bandura’s self efficacy theory (what is it)
an individual’s belief that they are capable of doing a task
Bandura’s self efficacy theory (main premise & implication)
Main premise: individuals who are more confident in their ability (in a task) will exert more effort in task
Implication: we can increase motivation by increasing employee’s self-efficacy
Where does self-efficacy come from?
- Enactive mastery: first-hand experience
- Vicarious modelling: second-hand experience
- Verbal persuasion: pep-talk
- Arousal: getting “psyched up”
Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory (Main premise)
Specific and difficult goals increase performance
Evidence and usefulness of Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory
- One of the most accepted and best supported theories of work motivation (e.g., meta-analytic correlations between goal difficulty and performance between .25 and .38)
- One of the most “practical” theories of work motivation
Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory visualised
McClelland’s theory of needs (main premise)
all people have three implicit motivating drivers; depending on culture and life experiences one of them is dominant.
What needs are there in McClelland’s theory of needs
-Need for achievement: drive to excel in relationship to a set of standards.
- Need for power: need to make others behave in a way they would have not otherwise.
- Need for affiliation: desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.
Intrinsic Motivation
based on needs for competency, autonomy and relatedness
Extrinsic Motivation
based on external controls
What do the Self-determination theory & cognitive evaluation theory claim?
- Intrinsic motivation has stronger effects on work effort than intrinsic motivation
- Extrinsic motivation (through external rewards) can decrease intrinsic motivation (cognitive
evaluation theory).
Surface level diversity
easily perceivable (e.g. age, gender, race, ethnicity)
Deep level diversity
the difference in values and personality of each employee
What does it mean do discriminate?
making judgements about individuals based on stereotypes regarding their demographic group
Types of discrimination
-Discriminatory policies or practices
-Sexual harassment
-Intimidation
-Mockery and insults
-Exclusion
-Incivility
What is employment tenure?
The length of time that an employee has spent with the same employer.
(Seniority and productivity are positively related. Tenure and absenteeism/turnover rates are negatively related)
Ability (definition)
An individual’s capacity to perform various tasks within the context of a job
Physical capabilities
the capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength and similar characteristics
General mental ability (GMA)
an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions
Strength factors
Dynamic, trunk, static and explosive strength