week 2

Question 1

covalent bond

Answer 1

atoms share unpaired electrons

Question 2

polar-covalent bond

Answer 2

atoms shared unequally in electronegativity in a covalent bond

Question 3

molecule

Answer 3

atoms joined in covalent bonds

Question 4

ionic molecules

Answer 4

unbalanced molecules

Question 5

hydronium

Answer 5

takes proton

Question 6

hydroxide

Answer 6

loses proton

Question 7

acid

Answer 7

proton-donor molecules

Question 8

base

Answer 8

proton-accepter

Question 9

Cohesion

Answer 9

Like molecules attract eachother

Question 10

specific heat

Answer 10

H bonds make H2O harder to heat

Question 11

heat of vaporization

Answer 11

elevated boiling point

Question 12

adhesion

Answer 12

Different molecules attract eachother

Question 13

hydrophilic

Answer 13

polar; loves water

Question 14

hydrophobic

Answer 14

non-polar; cant react w water

Question 15

lake stratification

Answer 15

water stratifies into layers in winter & summer

Question 16

lake turnover

Answer 16

disrupts stratification

Question 17

anabolism

Answer 17

high free energy, constructs molecules

Question 18

catabolism

Answer 18

breaks down molecules, low free energy

Question 19

First trophic level

Answer 19

Primary producer

Question 20

Second trophic level

Answer 20

Primary consumer

Question 21

Third trophic level

Answer 21

Secondary consumer

Question 22

Fourth trophic level

Answer 22

Tertiary consumer

Question 23

What ingredients are used by plants to build macromolecules

Answer 23

Carbon/oxygen from carbon dioxide, oxygen/hydrogen from water

Question 24

Energy source for a producer

Answer 24

Sunlight

Question 25

Energy source for a consumer

Answer 25

Free energy in macromolecules

Question 26

Ruminants are in which trophic level?

Answer 26

Primary consumer

Question 27

Stomach size of a concentrate selector

Answer 27

Small

Question 28

Stomach size of a grass/roughage eater

Answer 28

Large

Question 29

Stomach size of a mixed grazer/browser

Answer 29

Medium

Question 30

Which trophic level always has greatest biomass and free energy

Answer 30

First, primary producer

Question 31

What factors contribute to inefficient energy transfer between trophic levels

Answer 31

Energy used at lower levels cant be transferred (too much plant) Incomplete macromolecule breakdown (waste w unharvested energy)

Question 32

Competition

Answer 32

Within the same trophic level

Question 33

Predation

Answer 33

Between different levels

Question 34

Resource partitioning

Answer 34

Different species focus on different resources

Question 35

How does resource paritioning affect competition

Answer 35

It decreases competition among a level

Question 36

Primary production is limiting

Answer 36

Bottom up

Question 37

Predation is limiting

Answer 37

Top down

Question 38

Chemical bond that made water

Answer 38

Polar covalent

Question 39

Why is an antacid able to neutralize an acidic solution

Answer 39

Its composed of basic molecules that capture protons

Question 40

Hydrogen bond

Answer 40

Opposite partial charges attract

Question 41

What causes water to have high specific heat

Answer 41

Cohesion

Question 42

What causes water to be a universal solvent

Answer 42

Adhesion

Question 43

Temp of bottom of lake

Answer 43

4° C

Question 44

In a carb polymer, where is additonal free energy held

Answer 44

Within covalent bonds that link monomers

Question 45

Exergonic reaction

Answer 45

Release excess energy

Question 46

Endergonic reaction

Answer 46

Input of outside energy

Question 47

Hindgut fermenter

Answer 47

Non-ruminant Elongated intestine for prolonged fermentation

Question 48

What happens to the free energy as you go up in the trophic levels?

Answer 48

It decreases

Question 49

Detritivore

Answer 49

An animal that eats dead organic material

Question 50

What happens when an ecosystem has less primary productivity?

Answer 50

It supports fewer trophic levels