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Zoology > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

1st principle of evolution

A

different type of animals exist

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2
Q

Who was the first person to write down a list of animals?

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

When did the age of discovery begin?

A

1490

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4
Q

What happened during the age of discovery

A

European exploration lead to new animal discoveries

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5
Q

What two scientists are credited with the breakthrough of evolution by natural selection

A

Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace

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6
Q

What happened during the age of enlightenment?

A

Biodiversity was reconsidered

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7
Q

What concepts were understood by ancient humans

A

different animals exist, animals live in populations that have niches

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8
Q

what does it mean when something is emperical

A

able to be proved through observation on experimentation

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9
Q

Who is the father of empirical taxonomy

A

carl linnaeus

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10
Q

What is taxonomy

A

classification of organisms, sorted into types & hierarchical groups

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11
Q

What differences does morphology identify between organisms

A

physical

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12
Q

What differences does ecology identify between organisms

A

feeding

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13
Q

What differences does breeding identify between organisms

A

if interbreeding happens

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14
Q

What differences does DNA identify between organisms

A

how closely related species are

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15
Q

What is Binomial nomenclature

A

the system of naming species

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16
Q

Order of Binomial nomenclature

A

Genus name, species epithet, author, year

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17
Q

What does data for empirical taxonomy need to be

A

accurate, representative, replicable, definitive, revisable

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18
Q

2nd Principle of Evolution

A

each animal type forms populations with distinct niches

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19
Q

What is type locality

A

Distinguishing type by location

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20
Q

Can different animal types interbreed

A

no

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21
Q

Can animals from different populations interbreed

A

No

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22
Q

what is the first prezygotic isolation mechanism?

A

geographical separation

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23
Q

What is allopatry

A

a population physically isolated from other isolations by a barrier

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24
Q

What are the types of allopatry

A

barrier formation, immigration, population subdivision

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25
What is barrier formation
an appearance of new dispersal behavior caused by a geological factor
26
What is vicariant isolation
population divided into two separated by a geographic barrier
27
What is immigration isolation
new population made in a distant place
28
What organisms in immigration isolation go back to their original location?
No
29
What is population subdivision
ecological isolation in response to an environmental change that makes land uninhabitable
30
What is Altitudal zonation
different climate zones at different elevations
31
what is the perinuclear space?
the space between the inner & outer membranes of the nuclear envelope
32
How many bilayers do the nuclear pores go through?
2
33
Purpose of endoplasmic reticulum (ER
to export vesicles to golgi
34
Purpose of endomembrane system
to transport lipids & proteins
35
what does the golgi produce
produce lysosomes
36
what are lysosomes
digestive vesicles
37
where are ribosomes assembled
in the nucleolus
38
what do nuclear pores regulate
proteins
39
what is the purpose of nuclear pores regulating proteins
to bring proteins for ribosome assembly
40
where is tRNA produced
in nucleus then finishes in the cytoplasm
41
what does the primary structure of tRNA consist of
nucleotide sequence
42
what does the secondary structure of tRNA consist of
folding back on itself due to H bonding
43
what does the tertiary structure of tRNA consist of
3D twisting occurring in an aqueous solution
44
what end do amino acids join tRNAs during amino acid activation
at the acceptor end
45
where does amino acid activation require energy from
ATP
46
what codon complements mRNA codons
tRNA codons
47
what starts translation
ribosome attaching to the mRNA
48
what direction does translation go in
5 to 3
49
what amino acid connects to the tRNA triplet code
methioine
50
what does the small ribosome subunit do at the beginning of translation?
bind & pair mRNA to tRNA
51
does tRNA or mRNA contain an anticodon
tRNA
52
does tRNA or mRNA contain a codon
mRNA
53
where does the large ribosome subunit attach to?
small ribosome unit
54
what are the binding sites for tRNAs
aminoacyl, peptidyl, exit
55
what happens at the peptidyl site
where tRNA (w/ met) binds to large ribosome subunit
56
what happens at the aminoacyl site
tRNA that binds here matches to the peptide code sequence
57
where is peptide bonding in translation
between two amino acids covalently bonded to tRNAs
58
where does wobble pairing occur
between tRNA and mRNA codons
59
Guanine pairs with
cytosine
60
uracil pairs with
adenine
61
what happens at the exit site
tRNAs are released to make room for incoming tRNAs
62
what is the elongation cycle
process of polypeptide building
63
what happens in the elongation cycle
ribosome progresses along the mRNA
64
What happens in the decoding step of the elongation cycle?
pairing of a tRNA w an mRNA codon at A site
65
What happens in the peptidyl transfer step of the elongation cycle?
peptide bonding that transfers polypeptide from P site to A site
66
What happens in the translocation step of the elongation cycle?
transfers discharged tRNA to exit site
67
What happens to the peptide chain in translocation
It is transferred to P site and fully assembles
68
what does elongation need to do to start
requires energy output from GTP
69
what does elongation need to end
GTP energy input to disassemble
70
When does translation end
when the ribosome reaches the stop codon
71
What amino acids or tRNAs correspond to Stop codons?
None
72
What can pair with the stop codon?
Release Factor Protein
73
What happens to the polypeptide chain with the release factor protein?
Release factor protein causes hydrolysis that moves the peptide chain to tRNA at P site and then releases it
74
What are the two ways ribosomes can perform translation
free floating and docked
75
where are docked ribosomes attached
to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
76
what do endosomes do
they regulate traffic of proteins & lipids in compartments
77
What happens in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
carb & lipid synthesis

Zoology (7 decks)

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