Week 2 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the organs associated with alimentary tract
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
stomach
large/small intestine
oesophagus
Location and features of Oesophagus
25 cm long muscular tube from pharynx to stomach
C6 vertebral level (pharynx) to T11 vertebral level
Oesophagus Anterior Relationships
Trachea down to T4 vertebral level
Left main bronchus at T4
Oesophagus Posterior Relationships
Vertebrae are posterior to the upper 2/3rds of the oesophagus
Then the aorta passes behind the oesophagus
Location and features of stomach
The stomach is an expanded part of the digestive system between the oesophagus and the duodenum
The stomach functions as a food reservoir and can store between 1.5 - 3 litres of material
After chemical and mechanical breakdown of food the semi liquid mixture passes through duodenum
Stomach relationships
Anterior - Left lobe of liver
Posterior - Pancreas and left kidney
Stomach - External Features
4 parts- Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pyloric Part
2 Surfaces- Anterior, Posterior
2 curvatures- Greater, Lesser
2 openings- Cardiac, Pyloric orifice
Stomach - Internal features
The mucous membrane of the stomach folds are called rugae
Rugae flatten as the stomach distends
The stomach has 3 muscular wall layers
The pyloric sphincter regulates the flow of semi liquid material from the stomach to the duodenum
What are the 3 muscular wall layers of the stomach
Inner oblique layer of muscle
Middle circular layer of muscle
Outer longitudinal layer of muscle
Liver features & location
Largest solid organ in the body approx 1.5 kg
Highly vascular organ due to dual blood supply
The bulk of the liver is on the right side of the body
The Liver - Surfaces
Diaphragmatic and Visceral Surface
They meet anteriorly at a sharp inferior border
Liver - External Features
Falciform Ligament
-Demarcates left and right anatomical lobes
Ligamentum Teres (Round Ligament)
- Thickening in lower free edge of falciform ligament
Impressions on visceral surface of liver
The stomach (Gastric impression)
The right kidney (Renal impression)
The right colic flexure (Hepatic flexure) - Colic impression
The pancreas location and features
*The Pancreas is the largest of the digestive glands.
* It is located on the posterior abdominal wall between duodenum and spleen.
* It has a Head, Neck, Body and Tail.
* The Pancreas curves around the vertebral column and ascends towards the spleen
What does the portal triad comprise of
Common hepatic duct (bile produced in liver will go through it)
Portal vein (deoxygenated blood and nutrient laden will be processed within liver)
Proper hepatic artery (comes from celiac trunk from abdominal aorta and conveys oxygenated blood to the liver)
Other features of the Visceral surface
Caudate lobe
Inferior cena cava
Quadrate lobe
Explain the blood supply and drainage of the liver
The Liver has a dual
blood supply.
* The Hepatic artery
brings oxygenated blood
to the liver.
* The Portal vein brings
deoxygenated blood also
containing nutrients and
toxins to the liver.
* The liver is drained by 2-
3 Hepatic veins to the
inferior vena cava.
The Extra hepatic Biliary System
The Extrahepatic biliary system is the part of the biliary system outside of the
liver.
* It includes the gallbladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct and bile duct.
* The bile duct opens into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla where
bile mixes with secretions from the pancreas and enters the digestive process
Spleen features and location
- The Spleen is part of the
lymphatic system, but is
described with the GIT because
of its common blood supply. - The Spleen functions to filter
blood, store red blood cells,
produce lymphocytes and
antibodies and remove old red
blood cells. - The Spleen is soft with a thin
fibroelastic capsule, easily
ruptured (e.g. with a sudden
increase in intra-abdominal
pressure in MVA). - The long axis of the Spleen is
oblique and parallel to tenth rib
The Spleen – Visceral Surface Impressions
- The Stomach
- The Left Colic flexure
(Splenic flexure). - The Left kidney.
Describe the Gastrointestinal System
– Blood Supply Sections
Foregut – from distal oesophagus to the
entry of the bile duct into the duodenum
Midgut – continues to 2/3 of the way
along the transverse colon
Hindgut – from distal 1/3 of transverse
colon to anal canal
What are the three unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the gastrointestinal tract?
Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
What structures are supplied by the coeliac trunk?
supplies foregut-associated structures
(distal oesophagus to duodenum as far as entry of bile
duct; liver, most of pancreas, spleen)
What structures are supplied by the Superior Mesenteric artery?
supplies midgut-associated structures
(distal duodenum to first 2/3rd of transverse colon; lower
head of pancreas)
