Week 2 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Copper cable types: Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations.
Twisted pair been extensively used for telephone systems and data networks.
One pair of insulated wires twisted together forms a balanced pair.
The pair carry the same signal but with different polarity; one wire is positive, the other negative.
Allows the receiver to distinguish the signal from any noise more strongly. Cable completed with insulation outer jacket.
Copper cable types: Shielded and Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
Shielded is susceptible to interference and crosstalk.
This cable is required for some ethernet standards and may also be requirement in environments with high levels of interference.
Shielded can be referred to generically as shielded twisted pair. (STP)
Copper cable types: Cat Cable Standards
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)/ Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) created categories of cable standards for cables to simplify selection of a suitable quality able. Look Notes 4.1, 2.1 For table.
Twisted pair copper cabling uses Registered Jack(RJ) connectors for the physical interface.
Each conductor in a 4-pair data cable is color-coded(Blue, Orange, Green, or Brown).
First conductor has predominately white insulator with strips of colour, second conductor has a insulation with the solid colour.
Fibre cabling types: Fibre Optic Cable Considerations
Electrical signals carried over copper wire are subject to interference and attenuation.
Fibre optic uses pulses of infrared light, not susceptible to interference, cannot easily be intercepted, and suffer less from attenuation.
Supports higher bandwidth over longer distances, can be measured in kilometres, rather than meters.
Fibre cabling types: Fibre Optics Types
Single Mode Fibre (SMF):
Small core (8 to 10 microns) and a long wavelength, near-infrared (1320nm or 1550nm) light signal, generated by a laser.
Supports up to 100 Gbps and a cable tat can run many kilometres, depending on the cable quality and optics.
2 Grades: OS1 designed for indoor use, while OS2 is for outdoor deployment.
Multimode Fibre (MMF):
Larger core (50 to 62.5 microns) and a shorter wavelength (850nm or 1300nm) in multiple waves varying lengths.
MMF uses less expensive optics and consequently is less expensive to deploy than SMF.
Slower speed and shorter distances than SMF, more suitable for LANs and WANs.
Fibre cabling types: Fibre Optic Connector Types
- Straight tip
- Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack
Fibre cabling types: Fibre Ethernet Standards
Different types for 100Mbps, 1Gbps, and 10Gbps operations. Look Notes 4.1, 2.2 For table.
Fibre cabling types: Finishing Type
The core of a fibre optic connector is a ceramic or plastic ferrule that holds the glass strand and ensures continuous reception of the light signals. The tip of the ferrule can be finished in one of three formats:
1. Physical Contact (PC)
2. Ultra Physical Contact(UPC)
3. Angled Physical Contact (APC)
Structured Cabling System: Wall area
Wall Area: Horizontal cabling:
Called horizontal because it typically consists of the cabling for a single floor and so is made up of cables that run horizontally through wall ducts or ceiling spaces.
Cable managment
Ensure cabling is reliable and easy to maintain. Copper wiring is terminated using a distribution frame or punch down block.
A punch-down block comprises of a large number of insulation-displacement connection(IDC) terminals.
IDC Formats:
66 Block
110 Block
BIX and Krone Distribution Frames
Patch Panel/Path Bay
Wiring tools and techniques
Electricians scissors(snips)
Cable stripper
punch down tool
cable crimper
Fibre Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
Permanent cables are run through conduit -to-wall ports at the client access end and fibre distribution panel at the switch end. Fibre patch cables are used to complete the link from the wall port to the NIC and from the patch panel to the switch port.
Fibre Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing: Transceivers
A transceiver is used when different cable types to convert from one cable type to another for example from fibre to ethernet or vice versa.
Enterprise switches and routers are available with modular, hot-swappable transceivers/media converters for different types of fibre optic patch cord connectors.
Media converter form factors:
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) form factor
Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP)
Quad small form-factor pluggable (QSFP)
Fibre Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing: Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM)
Means or using a strand to transmit and/or receive more than one channel at a time.
Classified into:
BiDirectional Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Coarse and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
