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Hellenistic Period Midterm > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Why does Alexander avenge the murder of Darius III?

A
  • Because he doesn’t want to encourage king-killing, for he will be the next king
  • To secure his legitimacy
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2
Q

Who murdered Darius?

A

Bessus

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3
Q

True or False: Alexander gave Darius a royal burial

A

TRUE

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4
Q

True or False: Olympias was rumored to have slept with snakes

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Which mystic cult did Olympias allegedly partake in?

A

The Cult of Dionysos

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6
Q

How old was Olympias when she married Philip II?

A

12

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7
Q

Before stepping foot on Troy, what did Alexander do?

A

He threw a spear onto mainland

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8
Q

Why did Alexander throw a spear onto Troy before stepping foot?

A

To mark that he was claiming Asia as “spear won”

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9
Q

True or False: Alexander was seen as a liberator in many of the Greek cities in Asia Minor

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What oracle did Alexander first visit upon the commencement of his campaign?

A

Didyma (at the temple of Apollo)

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11
Q

What did the Dydima oracle tell Alexander?

A

That Alexander would triumph over the Persians

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12
Q

Why did Alexander disband his fleet?

A
  • He thought the war could be won on land by attacking Persian naval bases
  • Also, a fleet was expensive to maintain
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13
Q

At which battle did a dare erupt amongst drunken Macedonian soldiers to go and take the citadel one night during a lull in the siege?

A

The Siege of Halicarnassus

(This was initially a disaster)

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14
Q

Where did Alexander go to meet up with reinforcements from Greece?

A

Gordion

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15
Q

Which ancient historian was more interested in the scandals, murders, purges, plots, war crimes, etc. in Alexander’s story?

A

Curtius Rufus

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16
Q

Which ancient historian paints Alexander as a moral and virtuous model ?

A

Arrian

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17
Q

What was Darius’ first battle against Alexander?

A

Issus

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18
Q

At which island city did Alexander build a causeway, linking it to mainland during a siege?

A

Tyre

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19
Q

How many Greek mercenaries are said to have fought in Darius’ army at Issus?

A

20 000

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20
Q

Which city did Alexander brutally destroy when they refused to cooperate with him?

A

Gaza

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21
Q

What is the fate of Tyre after Alexander captured it?

A
  • Alexander destroyed half of the city
  • He also killed 8000 civilians and sold 23 000 into slavery
  • Curtius said that he had all male citizens crucified
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22
Q

Why were the Persians so hated in Egypt?

A

Because they didn’t respect the Egyptian deities

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23
Q

What was seen as Alexander’s greatest legacy in Alexandria, Egypt?

A

The Great Library of Alexandria

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24
Q

What 2 omens did Cleisthenes say Alexander experienced while in the Libyan desert on his way to the Siwah Oasis?

A
  1. They ran out of water, then it rained
  2. They lost their way, then birds guided them
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25
What did the oracle at Siwah greet Alexander as?
The son of the God Ammon
26
How many men are in Alexander's army at the beginning of his campaign?
34 000
27
Why did Alexander first land at Troy?
For its Panhellenic symbolism
28
When was Alexander's Exile Decree?
324 BC
29
Why did Alexander enforce the Exile Decree of 324 BC? (3)
- To get people sympathetic to him in every city - To increase his popularity - To undermine the power of city states like Athens
30
What system of governance does Alexander install in Greece?
Mandatory Democracies (But Alexander had to personally approve their constitution)
31
Why did Alexander sack Thebes?
To punish the city for rebelling against him and to send a message to other Greek poleis's
32
At which battle did Alexander massacre captured Greek mercenaries who had fought for the Persians?
Granicus
33
What were 2 of Alexander's most notable military/logistical failures?
- Lycian Coast March - Termessos
34
Which mountain citadel did Alexander simply skip because he wasn't able to capture it?
Termessos
35
Where did Alexander make his army march chest deep in coastal waters?
The Lycian Coast
36
Why did Alexander likely go out of his way to march on the Lycian Coast?
To secure Persian port cities
37
Where was Alexander’s first big cash infusion?
Issus
38
At which battle does Alexander capture Darius' family?
Issus
39
What was the name of Darius' mother?
Sisygambus
40
What did Sisygambus say to Alexander after being captured?
- She tells him that he is more of a son to her than Darius was
41
Which royal botanist, and gardner, did Alexander instate on the throne of Sidon?
Abdolonymus
42
True or False: Alexander's building of the great causeway at Tyre was the first feat of its kind.
FALSE Dionysos I of Syracuse had done this already at the siege of Motya in 398 BC
43
True or False: Persia didn’t have their own navy
TRUE - They simply used the Phoenician and Cypriot fleets
44
At which siege does Alexander drag the body of the local governor on the back of his chariot, as his ancestor Achilles had done?
Gaza
45
Which Gazan governor's corpse did Alexander drag on the back of his chariot?
Batis
46
Where did Alexander get the idea to found cities named after him, in which he could install his discharged veterans?
His father had founded cities and named it after himself; ex. Phillipii, and stock it with old veterans with free land and pensions
47
Why did Alexander detour into Egypt instead of chasing Darius right after Issus?
Because Alexander wanted to go to the oracle at Siwah to get the approval of Zeus-Ammon
48
What was the famous skirting heights at the battle of Gaugamela?
The Greatzab
49
After which battle was Alexander able to take Babylon?
Gaugamela
50
Which Persian general set a trap for Alexander at the Persian Gates?
Ariobarzanes
51
How did Alexander finally manage to take the Persian gates?
A shepherd told Alexander that there was a pass around the pass
52
According to Alexander, what was the “Most hated city in the world”?
Persepolis
53
Where was Alexander's biggest cash infusion?
Persepolis
54
What was the name of the royal city where thousands had paid tribute to the Great King and Ahura Mazda in the past?
Persepolis
55
_______________ spoke up when Alexander and his companions were drinking, stating that Alexander should burn Persepolis down to avenge Miletus.
Thais, an Athenian prostitute
56
True or False: Alexander never met the Magi
TRUE (He never made any meeting or effort to be friendly with the Zoroastrians)
57
According to legend, what were Darius' dying words?
- To thank Alexander for taking care of his family
58
Who did Alexander mimic when crossing into India?
Dionysos
59
What is Alexander said to have asked the oracle at the Siwah Oasis?
1. Did his father's assassins get away unpunished? 2. Would he become ruler of Asia
60
According to Plutarch, what was the accidental word slip from the priest at the Siwah Oasis?
- Priest’s slip of the tongue: He meant to say “Oh little child” but accidentally says “oh Son of Zeus”, not knowing Greek very well
61
___________ has always been a title of Pharaohs.
Son of Ammon
62
What does Alexander do at Didyma after receiving a favorable oracle?
He built a brand-new temple there

Hellenistic Period Midterm (4 decks)

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