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Hellenistic Period Midterm > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What pass did Alexander have to go through to reach India?

A

The Kyber Pass

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2
Q

What was Alexander’s most probable ambition had he lived?

A

The exploration of the Caspian Sea

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3
Q

What did Alexander build at Babylon that suggests plans for African expeditions?

A

A boatyard for 1000 ships

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4
Q

What was Dyonisos’s mount in India?

A

Mount Nysa

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5
Q

What was Alexander’s greatest lasting political legacy?

A
  • His rule became a paradigm for power (i.e Propaganda program)
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6
Q

What was considered to be Alexander’s hardest fought war?

A

The revolts in Bactria and Sogdia 330-327 BC

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7
Q

What did Bessus call himself?

A

Artaxerxes V

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8
Q

Who succeeds Bessus after his death?

A

Spitamenes

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9
Q

How many forts and colonies did Alexander erect in Bactria and Sogdia?

A

12

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10
Q

Define: Tainia

A

The Persian cloth headband/diadem associated with kingship

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11
Q

What does Alexander do to administer more hostile regions after assuming rule?

A

He gives administration in rougher regions to local warlords to keep them content

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12
Q

Who was Roxanne’s father?

A

Sogdian nobleman, Oxyartes

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13
Q

Which former enuch of Darius becomes a close advisor of Alexander?

A

Bagoas

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14
Q

Define: Enuch

A

Castrated men who served in the Achaemenid court as bodyguards, and advisors

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15
Q

In what year did Alexander cross the Hindu Kush?

A

329 BC

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16
Q

Who does Alexander look for while crossing the Hindu Kush?

A

Prometheus

  • Alexander was emulating his ancestor Herakles in searching the mountains for the chained and tortured Prometheus
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17
Q

Why is Alexander said to have massacred the Branchidae?

A
  • Because their ancestors had joined the Persians in 480 BC
  • As a result, they neglected the Oracle at Dydima
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18
Q

Which ancient historian couldn’t explain Alexander’s thinking in massacring the Branchidae?

A

Curtius Rufus

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19
Q

How large was Alexander’s army crossing into India?

A

50 000

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20
Q

How was Alexander’s army crossing into India different than what it had been at Granicus?

A
  • No more sarissas
  • Heavy cav was NOT replenished
  • More light troops
  • No more of Philip’s old generals; instead, many of Alexander’s younger friends, and Asian officers
  • Army, including the companions, become more multi-ethnic
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21
Q

What is considered to have been Alexander’s greatest military exploit?

A

The capture of Aornos

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22
Q

What was the first major mutiny of Alexander’s army?

A

The Hyphasis River Mutiny 326 BC

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23
Q

What was the ultimate outcome of the Hyphasis River Mutiny?

A
  • Alexander agreed to march back to Persia
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24
Q

What was Alexander’s reaction to the retreat after the Hyphasis River Mutiny?

A
  • He sulked in his tent for days (just like Achilles had done)
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25
If not for the mutiny at Hyphasis, what had Alexander planned to do?
An eastward march to the Ganges River
26
Instead of returning home the way they came, what did Alexander do?
- He returned home to the southerly route --> To explore new lands --> To be supplied by an accompanying fleet on the southern coastlines
27
____________ was the location of Alexander's last ever battle.
Multan
28
Which 2 historical Persian figures was Alexander trying to mimic when crossing the Makran desert with his army?
Cyrus and Semiramis
29
Why, logistically, did Alexander march through the Makran desert?
- To be accompanied by his fleet - To scope out ports
30
Out of the 40 000 men Alexander brings into the Makran desert, how many survived?
1500
31
True or False: The Makran Desert had already been a known trade route that had been mapped by another Greek, so he wouldn't have found anything new there
TRUE
32
The survivors of the Makran march held a drunken religious procession in honour of ___________
Dionysos
33
Which Greek god had crossed the Makran Desert in legend?
Dionysos
34
In particular, ____________ made the march through the desert a disaster.
Bad luck
35
What prevented Alexander's fleet from supporting his army during the march through Makran?
The Monsoon winds
36
What weather conditions made the Makran March especially deadly?
- Initial absence of summer rains - This buildup of precipitation caused later flashfloods
37
Who offers to consider Alexander as her son?
Ada of Halicarnassus
38
True or False: Alexander gave a royal burial and grieved at the loss of Stateira, Darius' wife.
TRUE
39
What Amazon queen allegedly tracks down Alexander to mate with him?
Thallestris
40
Arrian and Plutarch dismiss the story of the Amazon queen approaching Alexander to mate. Instead, they attribute the story to an instance where___________________________________________.
- A Scythian woman approached Alexander to mate
41
What Theban woman stands up to Alexander?
Timoclea
42
Explain Timoclea's story:
- During the sacking of Thebes, a Thracian captain raped her, and asked where she kept her wealth - Timoclea replied that she kept it in a well, then, as the Thracian peered down the well, she kicked him into the void, killing him.
43
What did Timoclea say when she was brought to Alexander?
- She said that her brother had died fighting for the liberty of Greece as the commander of the Sacred Band against Philip II - Alexander admired this, and let her and her children free
44
Why does Alexander refuse to honor the wife of Spitamenes after she killed her husband?
Because it sets a bad precedent of regicide and illegitimacy of his newly acquired rule
45
Which queen allegedly had to sleep with Alexander in return for her cities' safety?
Queen Cleophis of Mazaca
46
In which manuscript is the story of Queen Cleophis of Mazaca mentioned?
The Metz Epitome
47
Why did Alexander order the execution of Philotas?
- Because Philotas was Alexander's bodyguard, and failed to inform him of a plot against his life
48
Guilt by ___________ was common feature of traditional Macedonian law
Guilt by association
49
Why did Alexander order the execution of Parmenio?
- Parmenio was Philotas' father - Therefore, he was guilty by association - Further, he is accused of preventing Alexander from chasing Darius at Gaugamela - Also, Parmenio controlled a detachment of 20 000 men guarding Alexander's supply line in the rear, so he had too much power for Alexander's trust
50
What was Darius' offer to Alexander after the battle of Issus?
- His daughter in marriage - Half of Asia - 30 000 talents of silver
51
What did Alexander say when Parmenio advised him to accept Darius' offer after Issus?
- "So should I if I were Parmenio, but I am Alexander"
52
Why did Alexander kill Attalus?
- Attalus prayed that Cleopatra, Alexander's half sister, would produce a legitimate heir for the throne - Alexander found this insulting to him, so he killed Attalus while drunk
53
Why did Alexander kill Cleitus the Black?
- Cleitus spoke out against Alexander's killing of Parmenio, and brings up the murder of Attalus - Cleitus also spoke out against Alexander's promotion of Persian officers, and mocked Alexander's divinity
54
Alexander suspends freedom of speech after the death of _____________
Cleitus the Black
55
What is Alexander said to have done in the days following his drunken killing of Cleitus?
- Mourned for 3 days - Some say Alexander tried to commit suicide
56
Why does Alexander kill Callisthenes?
- Callisthenes was the tutor of Alexander's bedroom guard who had planned an assassination attempt - Also, Callisthenes rejected Alexander's divinity
57
Who was the spokesmen of the army during the Hyphasis Mutiny?
- Coenus
58
What happened to Coenus after he spoke out against Alexander at Hyphasis?
- He unexpectedly "died of illness" a few days later
59
What does Alexander do before turning back from India?
-Orders 12 altars to be built to mark his achievement - Leaves oversized traces of camp behind to soothe his vanity
60
Why did Alexander's army mutiny at Opis in 324 BC?
- Because they wanted to see their wives and families again
61
How do the troops react when Alexander promises them riches during the mutiny at Opis?
They interpret this as an act of bribery, and are insulted
62
True or False: Alexander demands to be worshiped as a god in Greece
TRUE
63
Generally, how is Alexander able to diffuse so many mutinies?
With money
64
Where was a mass wedding for Alexander and his officers held?
Susa
65
How does Alexander convince his officers to intermarry with local women?
Alexander promises to pay them a wedding dowry

Hellenistic Period Midterm (4 decks)

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