week 2

Question 1

the social brain

Answer 1

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), anterior temporal cortex (ATC), Amygdala, Anterior insula

Question 2

cortical thickness decreases in adolescents in the

Answer 2

dmPFC, TPJ, pSTS

Question 3

grey matter volume and cortical thickness increases in adolescents in the

Answer 3

Anterior temporal cortex

Question 4

amygdala

Question 5

mentalizing

Question 6

TPJ

Question 7

(d)mPFC

Question 8

peer rejection

Question 9

brokerage

Question 10

stress-reward-mentalizing model

Question 11

emotion regulation

Question 12

risk behavior

Question 13

social motivation models

Answer 13

are underpinned by developmental changes observed in the social brain and emphasize the importance of the social value given to peer group norms in guiding decision-making processes

Question 14

reward sensitivity and distraction models

Answer 14

highlight the continued maturation of cognitive control and its neural systems during adolescence

Question 15

reward sensitivity, mismatch or dual systems models

Answer 15

are based on the concept that regions of the brain that support cognitive control(e.g., the PFC) mature at slower rates than brain regions implicated in reward processing (Nucleus Accumbesn and ventral striatum) and emotional reactivity (e.g., the amygdala) this model explains weaker emotion regulation in adolescents

Question 16

mentalizing proficiency

Answer 16

adults can process mentalizing task along with other task more efficiently (social scripts)

Question 17

why economic games

Answer 17

1. wide age range
2. quantify complex social behavior
3. experimental designs used in neuroimaging studies
4. individual differences

Question 18

trust game

Answer 18

investor and recipient (trustee). investor sends an endowment to the second player showing trust/no trust. the offer is multiplied and sent to second player, who decides how much to return to the investor (reciporcate/defect)

Question 19

dictator game

Answer 19

allocater and recipient, allocater makes offer and recipient receives. indicator of prosocial behavior. concern for others outcomes emerges at very young ages. increases with age between 3 and 8

Question 20

ultimatum game

Answer 20

proposer and responder. proposer makes offer and responder can accept/reject. if rejected no one gets anything

Question 21

ultimatum game- dictator game

Answer 21

the difference between what someone does in the ultimatum game and the dictator game offers a measure for strategic social behavior. the difference increases with age across adolescence

Question 22

lower stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) means…

Answer 22

better at controlling a prepotent motor response and showed more strategic behavior

Question 23

what does the mini-ultimatum game show

Answer 23

there is an age-related increase in perspective taking. when there is no alternative the amount of rejection declines with age

Question 24

MPFC activation early adolescences

Answer 24

for defect and reciprocate (more-self-referential processing)

Question 25

MPFC activation for adults and mid-adolescents

Answer 25

only for defect

Question 26

age related increase in trust and reciprocity behavior, and TPJ&DLPFC activity, related to

Answer 26

increasing perspective taking and impulse control skills

Question 27

age related decrease in (d)mPFC activity, related to

Answer 27

decreasing self-oriented processing

Question 28

dorsal striatum

Answer 28

activity increase with age (implicated learning)