Week 2

Question 1

Additive and regressive processes

pre/post natal?

Answer 1

Neuronal growth followed by programmes of cell-death

Primarly post natal

Question 2

When do growth spurts in neurological processes happen?

Pre/post natal?

And what kind of period is this?

Answer 2

Post natal

Sensitive period

Question 3

Tightly timed sequence of neuronal cell growth forming the basis structures of the CNS

Answer 3

Neurolation

Question 4

Neural plate develops from … to …

What happens after? 2 begrippen

Answer 4

Cranial to caudal

Neural folds and neural groove

Question 5

Cells that contribute to the formaion of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

Neural crests

Question 6

Congenital disorders

What kind of period

Answer 6

Critical period for MAJOR birth defects

Question 7

How many congenital structural brain defects per 1000 life births?

Answer 7

0.3-0.5 –> very rare!

Question 8

Cause of improvement of rare congenital structural brain defects (2)

Answer 8

Beter prenatal screening and termination of pregnancies

Dietary supplements for mother FOLIC acid and vitamine B

Question 9

Risk factors of abnormalties in brain development

Answer 9

Maternal stress and age
Maternal health
Nutrition
Environmental toxins
addiction
Maternal drug/alcohol

“Sanne At Helemaal Niks, eigenlijk alleen drugs.”

Question 10

Hierarchical progression of neural development (genetically predefined)

3 regions

Answer 10

1. Brain stem + cerrebellum
2. Posterior regions forebrain
3. Anterior regions forbrain

BUT CORPUS COLLOSUM DEVELOPS ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

Question 11

Generation (production of neutrons) 2-5 months

Answer 11

Proliferation

Question 12

Neurons traveling to take permanent location

Answer 12

Migration
2-5 months

Question 13

Dendrites grow to form new connections

Answer 13

Dendritic outgrowth
3 months and persues after this

Question 14

Neurons become commited to specialities systems after migration

Answer 14

Differentiation

5-7 months

Question 15

Synapses grow and connect to other neurons

Answer 15

Synaptogenesis

6 months

persues long after

Question 16

What is the name of the spectrum with the most severe form when a pregnant women consumes alcohol

Answer 16

Fetal alcohol syndrom

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder is the umbrella term

Question 17

Criteria for diagnosis FAS

Answer 17

3 out of 3 necessary

Smooth lip (no pit above lip)
Thin upper lip
Small fissure (distance between corners eye)

Question 18

Criteria for FASD

Answer 18

No craniofacial features necessary ONLY central nervous system damage + alcohol proven

Question 19

Microcephaly

Answer 19

Low skull circumference (omtrek)

Anomalies of the body

Question 20

Neurodevelopmental deficits of the CNS

what happens in the brain

Answer 20

• Widespread structural damage in nearly every region

Question 21

Agenesis of the Corpus callosum

Answer 21

Neurodevelopmental deficit of the CNS

Lacking ENTIRE collosum

Harder for the hemispheres to communicate with each other

a rare birth defect where the corpus callosum, the brain structure connecting the left and right hemispheres, is either partially or completely absent.

Question 22

Neurodevelopment deficits of the CNS IQ WITH craniofeatures

Answer 22

IQ is 70

Question 23

Neurodevelopment deficits of the CNS IQ WITHOUT craniofeatures

Answer 23

IQ is 80

Question 24

FASD diagnosis. How do they diagnose?

Answer 24

MRI

CHaracteristics of the brain

Question 25

FASD diagnosis brain characteristics

Answer 25

* small frontal lobe --> RELATES TO CRANIOFEATURES * Small Caudate * Reduced volume * Agenesis/hypogenesis of corpus collosum

Question 26

Hypogenesis

Answer 26

Lacking part of callosum, posterior part is NOT developed

Question 27

Proven maternal alcohol usage necessary for diagnosis? For FAS & FASD

Answer 27

For FAS no (if other criteria is so severe aswell) For FASD yes

Question 28

Neurobehavioral profile with FASD What other disorders do you see often with FASD?

Answer 28

Often see wit ADHD and ODD

Question 29

Overlap with ADHD and FASD

Answer 29

Children with ADHD are generally LESS impaired (dus hebben minder moeite) on shifting attention, encoding of information, and flexibility in problem solving than children with FASD Shifting attention is hard (moving focus from one thing to another). -- Encoding information is impaired (taking in and making sense of new info). Planning, reasoning, and problem-solving are often weak.

Question 30

What happens if the primary disabilities (anxiety, depression and socially dependent) are not properly dealt with in FASD?

Answer 30

Secondary disabilities Leads to CHAOSS - Crazy (mental health problems) 94% - Homeless - Addictions (30%) - Offender (60%) - Sexual disinhibition (50%) - School failure (60%)

Question 31

Neuropsychological treatment FASD Attention memory problems Motor problems Social cognition function

Answer 31

Attention memory problems: calmly repeating, structuring and visual support - pictures and medication Motor problems: play with puzzles, drawing Social cognition function: world can be overwhelming. help structuring & tell right from wrong

Question 32

Teratogen in FASD

Answer 32

Causal factor: alcohol or any toxic agent that can disturb development of an embryo --> can cross the placenta

Question 33

Alcohol is GRAS but checks almost all the boxes of health risks even more than cocaine and smoking. What is GRAS?

Answer 33

Generally accepted as SAFE

Question 34

Data in alcohol use in pregnant women ..% drinks before ..% continues drinking when trying ..% stops drinking after discovery pregnancy (after 5 weeks) average is .. drinks a week

Answer 34

88% drinks before 67% continues drinking when trying 55% stops drinking after discovery pregnancy (after 5 weeks) average is 4 drinks a week

Question 35

Twin research on drinking during pregnancy

Answer 35

Not ALL children are equally effected can be due to DEHYDROGENASE in liver Different rate of foetal development Different blood supply from placenta