Week 2

Question 1

TNF

Answer 1

Pro-inflammatory
LPS is most potent inducer
Primary mediator of septic shock
Activates neutrophils

Question 2

IL-1

Answer 2

Pro-inflammatory; produces fever
Produced primarily by macrophages/monocytes
Induces IL-2 production, stimulates APP synthesis
Neutralized by IL-1ra

Question 3

IL-6

Answer 3

Pro-inflammatory
Produced primarily by mononuclear phagocytes
Most important inducer of acute phase proteins
Stimulates maturation of plasma cells, TH17 regulation

Question 4

IL-8

Answer 4

Pro-inflammatory
Produced by macrophages
Released by mast cells during inflammation
Activates neutrophils, chemotactic factor

Question 5

IL-12

Answer 5

Pro-inflammatory
Derived from DCs, macrophages
Controls cell mediated immunity/activates Th1 cells
Stimulates IFN-Y production, NK cell proliferation

Question 6

IL-15

Answer 6

Pro-inflammatory
Produced by mononuclear phagocytic cells
Activator of NK cells, T cell growth factor
Involved in survival of CD8 memory T cells

Question 7

IFN-Y

Answer 7

Pro-inflammatory
Produced by Th1 T cells, NK cells
Cell mediated immunity - intracellular pathogens
Major activator of macrophages

Question 8

IL-10

Answer 8

Anti-inflammatory
Produced by macrophages, B cells, Treg cells
Inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production, expression of MHC II, CD80/86, IFN-Y/TNFB, IL-4/5
Controls tolerance to environmental allergens

Question 9

TGF-B

Answer 9

Anti-inflammatory
Produced by macrophages and Treg cells
Fibrosis, inhibits B/CD8+ T cell proliferation, macrophages, NK cells (induces apoptosis)

Question 10

Th1 cell cytokine, reactions, host defense

Answer 10

IFN-Y
Macrophage activation, IgG production
Intracellular microbes

Question 11

Th2 cell cytokine, reactions, host defense

Answer 11

IL-4/5/13
Mast cell/eosinophil activation, IgE production
Helminthic parasites, upregulation of Abs

Question 12

T-bet

Answer 12

Unique transcription factor for Th1 cells

Question 13

GATA-3

Answer 13

Unique transcription factor for Th2 cells

Question 14

RORYT

Answer 14

Unique transcription factor for Th17 cells

Question 15

FOXP3

Answer 15

Unique transcription factor for Treg cells

Question 16

What cytokine is primarily responsible for control of T cell proliferation?

Answer 16

TGF-B: blocks IL-2 induced proliferation of T cells

Question 17

What cytokine is responsible for differentiation of Th0 cells into Th1 cells?

Answer 17

IL-12

Question 18

What cytokine is responsible for differentiation of Th0 cells into Th2 cells?

Answer 18

IL-4

Question 19

Type I cytokine receptor family

Answer 19

Ligands: Most interleukins via JAK-STAT pathway

Question 20

Type II cytokine receptor family

Answer 20

Ligands: IFN-alpha/beta/gamma, IL-10 via JAK-STAT pathway

Question 21

TNF receptor family

Answer 21

Ligands: TNFs

Question 22

IL-1 receptor family

Answer 22

Ligands: IL-1, IL-18

Question 23

GPCR family

Answer 23

Ligands: chemokines, IL-8

Question 24

Positive selection of CD4+/CD8+ T cells

Answer 24

Due to weak recognition of MHC Class II/Class I + peptide

Question 25

Name components of TCR complex

Answer 25

TCR, CD3, CD4 or CD8 (and cytokines)

Question 26

CD3

Answer 26

Co-receptor with long signaling chains; marker to complete T cell count

Question 27

B7 proteins (CD80/CD86)

Answer 27

Co-stimulatory signal located on APC; binds to CD28 on T cells to potentiate activating signal from TCR/Ag/MHC

Question 28

What must be expressed on ACTIVATED T cells in order to allow T cell proliferation?

Answer 28

IL-2R

Question 29

T cell homing

Answer 29

Process of activated T cells going to the tissues where they can be re-stimulated by tissue macrophages

Question 30

CD40L-CD40 costimulation

Answer 30

Activated T cells express CD40L; APCs express CD40 | Interaction causes upregulation of CD40 (makes APC more potent) and CD40L (activates B cells)

Question 31

Apoptosis via CTLs

Answer 31

CTLs release granules including perforin and granzymes that induce apoptosis; CTLs also secrete IFN-Y to activate macrophages

Question 32

Fas-L-Fas apoptosis via CTLs

Answer 32

CTLs express Fas-L which can cause cell killing by inducing apoptosis via interaction with Fas protein on target cells

Question 33

NKT cells

Answer 33

Share markers of T cells and NK cells Recognize self and foreign lipids/glycolipids presented with CD1d molecule (similar to MHC) Produce IFN-Y and IL-4, other cytokines