Week 2-6

Question 1

A combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary actions conductive to health

Answer 1

Health education

Question 2

Collection of detailed ideas, processes, data and theories that can be used for a certain period of time

Answer 2

Information

Question 3

Complex and planned learning experience which aims to bring changes in cognitive, knowledge and psychomotor

Answer 3

Education

Question 4

Process of sharing ideas

Answer 4

Communication

Question 5

Lifelong process by which individuals acquire new knowledge or skills

Answer 5

Learning

Question 6

A relatively permanent change in mental processing, emotional functioning, skill, and/or behavior as a result of experience.

Answer 6

Learning

Question 7

A coherent framework and set of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn.

Answer 7

Learning Theory

Question 8

Focusing mainly on what is directly observable, behaviorists view learning as the product of the stimulus conditions and the responses hat follow.

Answer 8

Behavioral Learning Theory

Question 9

emphasizes the importance of stimulus conditions and the associations formed in the learning process

Answer 9

Respondent Conditioning

Question 10

an individual is trained to relax while being exposed to the thing or stimulus causing anxiety

Answer 10

Desentization

Question 11

encouraging individuals to give up undesirable habits by causing them to associate the habit with an unpleasant effect.

Answer 11

Aversion

Question 12

exposing an individual directly and abruptly to the fear; inducing stimuli(extreme/irrational fear) then, relaxation techniques for about 2-3 sessions

Answer 12

Flooding

Question 13

a technique based on respondent conditioning that is used by psychologists to reduce fear and anxiety in their clients

Answer 13

Systemic desensitization

Question 14

the tendency of initial learning experiences to be easily applied to other similar stimuli.

Answer 14

Stimulus generalization

Question 15

useful respondent conditioning concept that needs to be given careful consideration in relapse prevention programs.

Answer 15

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 16

focuses on the behavior of the organism and the reinforcement that occurs after the response.

Answer 16

Operant conditioning

Question 17

3 types of Operant: neither increases or decreases the behavior

Answer 17

Neutral

Question 18

3 types of Operant: increases the behavior

Answer 18

Reinforcer

Question 19

decreases the behavior

Answer 19

Punisher

Question 20

Contingencies to Increase and Decrease the Probability of an Organism’s Response

Answer 20

Operant Conditioning Model

Question 21

application of a pleasant stimulus

Answer 21

Positive reinforcement

Question 22

a pleasant stimulus is applied following an organism’s response

Answer 22

Reward conditioning

Question 23

removal of an aversive or unpleasant stimulus

Answer 23

Negative reinforcement

Question 24

as an aversive stimulus is applied, the organism makes a response that causes the unpleasant stimulus to cease

Answer 24

Escape Conditioning

Question 25

an aversive stimulus is anticipated by the organism, which makes a response to avoid the unpleasant event

Answer 25

Avoidance Conditioning

Question 26

an organism’s conditioned response is not followed by any kind of reinforcement (positive, negative, or punishment)

Answer 26

Non reinforcement

Question 27

following a response, an aversive stimulus is applied that the organism cannot escape or avoid

Answer 27

Punishment

Question 28

a cognitive perspective that emphasizes thinking processes: thought, reasoning, the way information is encountered and stored, and memory functioning

Answer 28

Information processing

Question 29

memory process involve paying attention to environmental stimuli attention, then, is the key to learning

Answer 29

Sensory Memory

Question 30

information is processed by the senses. Here it becomes important to consider the client’s preferred mode of sensory processing (visual, auditory, or motor

Answer 30

Processing

Question 31

the information is transformed and incorporated (encoded) briefly into short-term memory, after which it suffers one of two fates: The information is disregarded and forgotten, or it is stored in long-term memory.

Answer 31

Memory stage

Question 32

the individual undertakes based on how information was processed and stored.

Answer 32

Action Stage

Question 33

is particularly helpful for assessing problems in acquiring, remembering, and recalling information.

Answer 33

information-processing perspective

Question 34

the best known of the cognitive developmental theorists.

Answer 34

Jean piaget

Question 35

Four different stages of mental development. Focus on the qualitative change in perceiving, thinking, reasoning. Brain development in relation to cognition.

Answer 35

Cognitive Development

Question 36

senses, muscle movement; learning about self and the world (0-1 years old)

Answer 36

Sensory Motor

Question 37

intuitive intelligence; symbolic function; ( 2-7yrs old)

Answer 37

Pre - operational change

Question 38

they are always right

Answer 38

Egocentrism

Question 39

connect meaning between events that have no correlation.

Answer 39

Transductive Reasoning

Question 40

discerning; major turning point in child’s development, beginning of logical or operational thought (7-11 years old)

Answer 40

Concrete Operational Change

Question 41

Hypothetical reasoning, analogical reasoning, deductive reasoning

Answer 41

Formal Operational Change

Question 42

increasingly popular perspectives within cognitive theory that take the social milieu into account

Answer 42

Social constructivism

Question 43

increasingly popular perspectives within cognitive theory that take the social milieu into account.

Answer 43

Social cognition

Question 44

take issue with some of the highly rational assumptions of the information-processing

Answer 44

Social constructivism

Question 45

Cold’ cognitive models cannot adequately capture conceptual change; there is a need to consider affect as well”

Answer 45

Cognitive Emotional Perspective

Question 46

play a significant role in influencing children’s moral development and in motivating people’s prosocial behavior, activism, and ethical responses

Answer 46

Empathy and the moral emotions

Question 47

as well as moral decision making, involve both cognitive and emotional brain processing, especially in response to situations that directly involve the self and are stressful

Answer 47

Memory storage and retrieval

Question 48

entails an individual managing his emotions, motivating himself, reading the emotions of others, and working effectively in interpersonal relationships. Some argue EI is more important to leadership, social judgment, and moral behavior than cognitive intelligence is

Answer 48

Emotional Intelligence

Question 49

includes learners monitoring their own cognitive processes, emotions, and surroundings to achieve goals. The ability to self-regulate has been found to be a key factor in learning and studying and for successful living and effective social behavior

Answer 49

Self regulation

Question 50

perspective on learning that includes consideration of the personal characteristics of the learner, behavior patterns, and the environment. At its inception, this theory has gone through several “paradigm shifts”

Answer 50

Social Learning Theory

Question 51

A central concept of social learning theory. As an example, a more experienced nurse who demonstrates desirable professional attitudes and behaviors sometimes serves as a mentor for a less experienced colleague.

Answer 51

Role modeling

Question 52

Another concept from social learning theory, involves determining whether role models are perceived as rewarded or punished for their behavior.

Answer 52

Vicarious Reinforcement

Question 53

Largely a theory of motivation that stresses emotions rather than cognition or responses. The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the importance of conscious and unconscious forces in guiding behavior, personality conflicts, and the enduring effects of childhood experiences on adult behavior.

Answer 53

Psychodynamic Learning Theory

Question 54

When the ego is threatened, as can easily occur in the healthcare setting, this mechanisms may be employed to protect the self.

Answer 54

Defense mechanisms

Question 55

is an indicator of underlying emotional difficulties, which must be dealt with for them to move ahead emotionally and behaviorally.

Answer 55

Resistance

Question 56

occurs when individuals project their feelings, conflicts, and reactions—especially those developed during childhood with significant others such as parents— onto authority figures and other individuals in their lives.

Answer 56

Transference

Question 57

Underlying the humanistic perspective on learning is the assumption that every individual is unique and that all individuals have a desire to grow in a positive way.

Answer 57

Humanistic Learning Theory

Question 58

the scientific study of psychological behavior based on neurological assessments of the brain and central nervous system.

Answer 58

Neuropsychology

Question 59

Measures ability, gender, environmental effects, Health status, Complexity of tests

Answer 59

Physical readiness

Question 60

anxiety level, support system, motivation, risk taking, frame of mind, developmental stage behaviors

Answer 60

Emotional Readiness

Question 61

experience is the best teacher

Answer 61

Experimental Readiness

Question 62

how much they know

Answer 62

Knowledge Readiness

Question 63

a. No background information b. Can relate to nursing students

Answer 63

Novice

Question 64

a. Can do marginally acceptable performance b. Guided by rules

Answer 64

Advance Beginner

Question 65

Knows what is important and knows what to ignore

Answer 65

Competent

Question 66

a. Perceives situation as a whole b. Has intuitive grasp based on background informations c. No longer relies on preset goals for organization

Answer 66

Proficient

Question 67

No longer relies on analytical principles and has an intuitive grasp on the situation

Answer 67

Expert