Week 2

Question 1

What is the difference between equality and equity

Answer 1

Equality = treating everyone the same
Equity = giving everyone what they need to be successful.

Question 2

What are the two main determinant groups

Answer 2

1. Structural determinants

2. Intermediary determinants

Question 3

What are structural determinants

Answer 3

• Socioeconomic and political context a person is born
into. These can lead to unequal distribution of resources.
• Socioeconomic position ie a person’s position in society Determined by a person’s education, occupation, income, gender, ethnicity

Question 4

What are intermediary determinants

Answer 4

• Material circumstances eg. quality of housing,
• Means to buy healthy foods, medicines etc,
• Psychosocial circumstances eg. Stress, relationships,
social support,
• Behaviours and biological factors,
• Health systems eg. Availability and access

Question 5

What are the Four levels of health interventions

using the ‘Cliff Analogy’

Answer 5

1. Tertiary care/Acute care
   • To treat injury when someone has fallen eg.
   Hospital care.
2. Secondary care
   • To prevent/minimise injury among those who have
   fallen eg. General Practitioner/ Nurse Practitioner.
3. Primary care
   • To lower the risk of someone falling in the first
   place with a focus on education of the individual.
4. Addressing the determinants of health (DoH)
   • Moving people away from the cliff edge completely
   with a focus on addressing the DoH within
   communities.

Question 6

Which group of the determinants of health that the WHO states require special attention?

Answer 6

Social, Economic, Political and Physical.

Question 7

A persons internal characteristics are…

Answer 7

A person’s individual characteristics, social behaviour and a person’s status.

Question 8

Social justice

Answer 8

It’s about fair and just relations between

individuals and society “What do people need”

Question 9

Difference between internal and external characteristics

Answer 9

External: These are traits that you can see and use to describe what a character looks like.
Internal: These are traits that describe the way a character act

Question 10

Difference between Alma-Ata and the Astana Declaration

Answer 10

Alma-Ata was aimed at absense of disease
more holistic approach

Astana has a focus on globally all world and communities within them to come together more specific to what their needs are to achieve a global PHC within communities

Question 11

Four committments of Astana Declaration

Answer 11

(1) make bold political choices for health across all sectors;
(2) build sustainable primary health care;
(3) empower individuals and communities; and
(4) align stakeholder support to national policies, strategies and plans.