WEEK 2: AGED CARE NURSING- MAKING A DIFFERENCE Flashcards

1
Q

AGE- FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURHOODS: HOUSING

A
  • Affordable housing in safe areas that are close to services and the rest of the community
  • Affordable home maintenance services
    Interior spaces/ level surfaces→ allow free movement
  • Public/ commercial renting→ clean housing, well maintained and safe
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2
Q

AGE- FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURHOODS: CIVIC PARTNERSHIP AND EMPLOYMENT

A
  • Flexible options for older volunteers; training, recognition, guidance and compensation for personal costs
  • Adaptable workplaces for disabled people’s needs
    Self employment options for older people→ promoted and supported
  • Training in post-retirement options is provided
  • Places in community, organisation and govt boards/ committees are allocated for older people
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3
Q

AGE- FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURHOODS: OUTDOOR SPACES AND BUILDINGS

A
  • Green spaces and outdoor seating, outdoor street lighting (for safety)
  • Non slip footpaths and driveways→ wide enough for wheelchairs, have dropped curbs to ground level
  • Footpaths→ well maintained, no obstructions, reserved for pedestrians
  • Pedestrian crossings→ sufficient and safe for people with disabilities
  • Well signed buildings (inside and out) with seating, toilets, ramps and railings)
  • Large number of public toilets and accessible inside and out
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4
Q

AGE- FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURHOODS: SOCIAL PARTICIPATION

A
  • Venues for events→ conveniently located and accessible→ events held at convenient times for old people
  • Wide variety of attractions; for diverse population and are affordable
  • Gatherings held in community places (reservation centres, libraries, schools, parks, community centres)
  • Consistent outreach to include people at risk of social isolation
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5
Q

AGE- FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURHOODS: COMMUNICATION AND FAMILIES

A
  • Regular info and broadcasts of interest
  • Printed info→ official forms, TV captions, large lettering
  • Electronic equipment (phones, radio, TV, bank machines) have large lettering and big buttons
  • Wide public access to computers/ internet at minimal cost in public places (e.g. libraries)
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6
Q

AGE- FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURHOODS: TRANSPORTATION

A
  • Public transport→ priority older people seating, frequent, affordable, consistent
  • Specialised transportation available for disabled people
  • Drivers stop beside curb and wait for passengers to be seated before driving off
  • Transport stops→ well lit, adequate seating and shelter
  • Traffic signs and signals are well placed and visible
  • Taxis→ available and affordable
  • Driver education and refresher courses are promoted to all drivers
  • Parking and drop off areas are sufficient in number and conveniently located
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7
Q

AGE- FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURHOODS: RESPECT AND SOCIAL INCLUSION

A
  • Consultation with older people for planning and operating in public and commercial services
  • Older people; depicted in the media without stereotyping
  • Older people specifically included in community activities for families
  • Schools→ provide opportunities to learn about ageing; involve older people in school activities
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8
Q

AGE- FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURHOODS: COMMUNITY AND HEALTH SERVICES

A
  • Health services→ conveniently located and accessible
  • Residential care facilities→ located close to services and communities
  • Info about health and social services for older people is clear and accessible
  • Out of pocket expenses for health care providers and products→ considered for their impact
  • Potential for limited health literacy is recognised and addressed in health communication (written/verbal)
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9
Q

AGEING POP DEMOGRAPHICS

A
  • Ageing pop→ due to decreased fertility rates + increased life expectancy
  • Males→ 79.4 years
  • Females→ 83.9 years
  • Ageing workforce/ workforce participation
  • Major cause of death for older Australians→ Cancer, Stroke, Heart Disease
  • Dementia→ Main contributor to disease burden in people aged 85+
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10
Q

AGED CARE IN AUSTRALIA- AGED CARE REFORM AGENDA 2012

A
  • Aim to assist people to remain in their own home longer
  • From Feb 2017→ all home care packages provided to individuals rather than to approved providers

Services include:

  • Personal care→ help with showering, dressing, mobility, meal prep and eating
  • Support services→ help with washing, ironing, house cleaning, gardening, home modifications (e.g. rails in shower) and transport
  • Clinical care→ Nursing, physiotherapy and podiatry (foot care)
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11
Q

ENABLING HEALTHY AGEING

A
  • WHO→ Active ageing; Process of optimising opportunities for health participation and security to enhance quality of life as people age
  • WHO→ In socially inclusive environments; older people are able to make valuable contributions in their communities and families if their needs are met with dignity, differences respected and involvement recognised
  • Healthy ageing is a state (health status) and a process (engaging in healthy behaviours)
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12
Q

DEPENDENCY APPROACH

A
  • Does to a person/ takes over or removes roles
  • Supports declining capacity of a person
  • Focuses on physical and mental decline
  • Can isolate from community and reduces self confidence
  • Results in illness/ dependency cycles
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13
Q

WELLNESS APPROACHES

A
  • Balances between doing with vs. doing for
  • Identifies what a client can and wants to do, rather than only what they have difficulty with
  • Supports and values roles→ increases self confidence and builds capacity and self management
  • Focuses on re-enabling and maintaining function, minimising impact of functional loss
  • Looks at appropriateness of service→ will client have better outcomes with family, community resources
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14
Q

WHAT IS OLD AGE?

A
  • When people start to retire or receive a pension. Older; 65+ (based on qualifying age for Age Pension)
  • However→ person doesn’t necessarily become frail age 65 (or any other nominated age)
  • Young old= 65-74 years
  • Middle old= 75-84 years
  • ‘Old old’ or ‘frail old’ = 85+
    Indigenous Australians= 50+ are considered ‘Older Australians’ → Life expectancy gap
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15
Q

SUPPORTING PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS IS CRUCIAL:

A
  • Self management
  • Health literacy
  • Medication safety and management
  • Healthy eating
  • Physical activity
  • Falls prevention
  • Alcohol and tobacco use
  • Participation
  • Ageism
  • Environmental factors
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16
Q

RISK FACTORS IN AGEING

A
  • Obesity/weight loss
  • Malnutrition
  • History of smoking
  • Excessive alcohol intake
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperlipidaemia
  • Mental health issues
  • Chronic illness
  • Diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance)
17
Q

PATIENT RISK DURING CARE

A
  • Decreased mobility/increased falls
  • Decreased total fluid/increased dehydration
  • Decreased GIT absorption vitamins and minerals/increased malnutrition
  • Decreased gag reflex/increased aspiration and pneumonia
  • Increased cognitive disturbances/increased delirium
18
Q

KEY POINTS IN RELATION TO SIGNS OF NORMAL AGEING

A
  • Physical changes related to ‘normal’ ageing are not a disease
  • Ageing takes place across all body systems (loss, accumulation and change)
19
Q

CHANGES IN BODY FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES WITH AGEING: CARDIOVASCULAR

A
  • Heart pumps less effectively
  • Left ventricle enlarges
  • Valves stiffen and thicken
  • Fatty deposits and fibrous tissue are deposited
20
Q

CHANGES IN BODY FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES WITH AGEING: DIGESTIVE

A
  • Delayed swallowing and time taken to swallow

- Decreased gastric pH leads to slower absorption

21
Q

CHANGES IN BODY FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES WITH AGEING: ENDOCRINE

A
  • Increase in insulin resistance and lower thyroid function leads to increased risk of type II diabetes
22
Q

CHANGES IN BODY FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES WITH AGEING: IMMUNE

A
  • T cells become less responsive

- B Cells produce fewer antibodies, leading to diminished immune response and lowered resistance to infection

23
Q

CHANGES IN BODY FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES WITH AGEING: INTEGUMENTARY

A
  • Skin texture changes as fat layer lessens, leading to skin wrinkling, thinning and becoming drier and less elastic
  • Clustering of melanocytes leads to pigmentation, leading to loss of hair colour
  • Increased calcium deposits leads to nails thickening and becoming ridged
  • Fewer sweat glands equates to less perspiration
24
Q

CHANGES IN BODY FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES WITH AGEING: MUSCULOSKELETAL

A
  • Bones become less dense and depleted of calcium and minerals
  • Thinning and curvature of spine leads to loss of height