Week 2 And 3

Question 1

What is joint stability

Answer 1

Defined by the joints ability to resist displacement

Question 2

Active restraint

Answer 2

Tendons and muscles that act on the joint as well as the neurological control of those muscles

Question 3

Passive restraint

Answer 3

Joint capsule, ligaments , fascia

Question 4

What is joint mobility

Answer 4

Describes the ROM a joint can be moved through without being restricted by the surrounding tissues or structures

Question 5

Hyper mobility

Answer 5

Joint has too much mobility

Question 6

Hypo mobility

Answer 6

Limited range caused by neurological damage, damage to joint structures, fibrous scarring, etc.

Question 7

Normal end feels

Answer 7

Bony end feel
Capsular end feel
Soft end feel

Question 8

Abnormal end feels

Answer 8

Mushy/boggy
Hard end feel
Lax
Empty/spasm
Fibrotic

Question 9

Mushy boggy end feel

Answer 9

Spongy quality, often due to swelling or fluid in a joint

Question 10

Hard end feel

Answer 10

Abrupt stop to motion short of normal ranges, caused by loss body, abnormal growth or bony abnormality

Question 11

Lax end feel

Answer 11

Lacks the normal tension felt at the end rom and passes the normal rom

Question 12

Empty/spasm end feel

Answer 12

Movement causes pain which may cause muscle guarding or protective responses, often in a limited rom

Question 13

Fibrotic end feel

Answer 13

Rapid build up of tension before normal end ranges often caused by fibrosis, scar tissue, etc.

Question 14

Osteokinomatics

Answer 14

Refers to the different types of joint movements
The axis of a motion is always perpendicular to the plane of motion

Question 15

There are 3 primary axes. What are they

Answer 15

Medial lateral (bilateral)
Anterior posterior (AP)
Vertical (Longitudal)

Question 16

Arthrokinematics

Answer 16

Refers to the different types of movements that occur within the joint between the articulating surfaces
(Convex/concave)
Includes rolls glides and spins

Question 17

Closed pack position

Answer 17

Position of stability
Important for joint health and lubrication
Surfaces reach maximal compression

Question 18

Loose packed position

Answer 18

The resting point of joints
Joint in minimally congruent position with minimal surface contact
Good position for treatment and comfort

Question 19

Irritability

Answer 19

Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

Question 20

Contractibility

Answer 20

Ability to forcibly shorten when an adequate stimulus is received

Question 21

Extensibility

Answer 21

Ability of a muscle cell to be stretched

Question 22

Elasticity

Answer 22

Ability of muscle to recoil and come back to its resting length after stretching

Question 23

Types of sensory receptors

Answer 23

Meisseners corpuscle (touch)
Lamellar corpuscle (deep pressure)
Golgi tendon and muscle spindle (Proprioceptors)

Question 24

Reflexes

Answer 24

Rapid predictable and involuntary responses to stimuli
Occurs over neural pathways called reflex arcs
Two types ; somatic and autonomic

Question 25

Somatic reflex

Answer 25

Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles Involuntary And example is pulling your hand away from a hot object

Question 26

Autonomic reflex

Answer 26

Regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart and glands Example: regulation of smooth muscles, heart and blood pressure, glands, and digestive system

Question 27

Five elements of reflex arcs

Answer 27

1. Sensory receptor; reacts to a stimulus 2. Sensory neuron; carries message to integration centre 3. Integration centre; processes info and directs motor input 4. Motor neuron; carries message to effector 5. Effector organ; is the muscle or gland to be stimulated

Question 28

Two neuron reflex arcs

Answer 28

Simplest type Example, patellar reflex

Question 29

Three neuron reflex arcs

Answer 29

Withdrawal reflex Consists of the five elements