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NUR 333 Fund Adult Nursing Care 2 > Week 2 Cadiac > Flashcards

Week 2 Cadiac Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Afterload

A

The amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert/eject the blood during ventricular contraction

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2
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute

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3
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

The % of blood pumped out of left ventricle with each contraction

Normal >50%

Less than 40% = HF

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4
Q

Hypertension

A

HTN = high blood pressure

Causes adverse effects on arterial walls: ⬆️ PVR

Untreated, causes ⬇️ blood flow

Silent killer

Diagnose: average of 2 or more readings on at least two subsequent health care visits above 120/80

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5
Q

Hypotension

A

SBP <90 mm/hg

Drop in BP, organs are not getting perfused

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6
Q

Infarction/necrosis

A

Obstruction of blood supply to an organ or region of tissue causing death to the tissue

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7
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially heart

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8
Q

Myocardial contractility

A

How hard the heart muscle contracts

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9
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Drop in BP when someone goes from sitting to standing

SBP - ⬇️ 20 mmHg or more
DBP - ⬇️ 10 mmHg or more

Measure BP within 1-3 minute of position changes

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10
Q

Preload

A

The amount of stretch experienced by the heart at the end of ventricle filling (EDV) during diastole.

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11
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blood clot that’s traveled to the lung

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12
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between SBP and DBP

Normal 1/3 of SBP

High?

  • atherosclerosis
  • exercise

Low?

  • severe HF
  • hypovolemia
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13
Q

Pulsus Alternans

A

Regular rhythm but strength of pulse varies with each beat

Possible etiology: HF

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14
Q

Stroke

A

Blood clot in the brain

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15
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped out of the LEFT ventricle of the heart during SYSTOLE

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16
Q

Venous thrombo-embolism

Who’s at risk?
S/S?
Nursing care?
Treatment?

A

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot that has become dislodged from another cite in the circulation

Most commonly starts in the legs and moves to the lungs (pulmonary embolism)

Who’s at risk?
- Venous stasis (pregnant, blood pooling, immobile)
- Hypercoagulability (thickened blood, dehydrated, BC,
platelet disorders)
- Endothelial damage (IVF, drugs, fractures, hx of DVT, DM)

S/S?
- redness, tenderness, swelling, warm, unilateral, calf pain

Nursing care?
- Teds, SCDs, Calf pumping

Treatment?

  • Prevention
  • IVC filter (catches clot before lungs)
  • Anti-Coag meds
  • Thrombolytics
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17
Q

Perfusion

A

Passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue

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18
Q

Things that affect cardiac output

A
  • Heart rate
  • Stroke volume
  • Myocardial contractility
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19
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force exerted by the blood vessel walls

  • Must be adequate to maintain tissue perfusion during
    activity and rest
  • Need to know patient’s baseline BP
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20
Q

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Study These Flashcards
A

When is it needed?
- No pulse, no RR

C-A-B
- Early defibrillation

Rate of compressions

  • 30 to 2 (compressions to breaths)
  • 100 - 120 compressions

Depth of compressions
- 2 inches

21
Q

C.A.B.

Study These Flashcards
A

Compressions
Airway
Breathing

22
Q

Peripheral Vascular Resistance (PVR)

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A

Amount of effort the heart has to overcome to get the blood out of the heart and into the periphery

23
Q

Blood Pressure Categories

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A

Normal——————— <120 AND <80
Elevated——————- 120-129 AND <80
HTN stage 1 ————- 130-139 OR 80-89
HTN stage 2 ————- 140⬆️ OR 90⬆️
Hypertensive crisis —- 180⬆️. AND/OR. 120⬆️

24
Q

Factors influencing BP

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A

Age, stress, ethnicity, genetics, gender, daily variation, medications, activity, weight, smoking

25
Modifiable risk factors with BP
DM, elevated serum lipids, excess Na+ intake, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, stress, smoking, alcohol
26
Non-Modifiable risk factors with BP
Family history, race/ethnicity, increasing age, gender, chronic kidney disease, OSA
27
HTN symptoms
Dizziness, headache, heart palpitations (NOT INCREASED HR), nose bleeds, SOB, anger, red face, visual problems, fatigue, insomnia, sore knee, raised temp.
28
Complications of HTN
Cardiovascular dz, MI (heart attack), stroke, peripheral vascular disease, renal dz, retinal dz
29
Nursing care & Treatment for BP
- BP management - implement pt centered plan for lifestyle modifications - goal: prevent heart dz, stroke, or renal dz - promote heart healthy nutrition - weight reduction - smoking cessation - pt. education
30
Patient education
- develop a BP screening program based on BP - explain potential dangers - manage HTN - lifestyle modifications - proper nutrition - exercise - stress management techniques - drug therapy education - seek immediate care if in HTN crisis
31
Hypertensive crisis
HTN urgency - develops over days to weeks - 180/110 - NO SYMPTOMS HTN emergency - develops over hours to days - 220/140 - SYMPTOMS - IV meds
32
Foods high in salt
Cheese, saltines, condiments, pickles
33
Symptoms of HoTN
Pale skin, skin mottling, clammy, decreased perfusion to the brain, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, chest pain, increased HR, decreased UO, N/V
34
Treatment of HoTN
Treat the cause: - Vasodilation - Loss of blood volume - Failure of heart muscle to pump
35
Nursing implementation: HoTN
- Monitor VS frequently - Assess for symptoms - Interventions aimed to treat the cause - Consider adding more salt to diet - Drink more water or IVFs - Compression hose - Meds
36
Hyperlipidemia
High lipid levels in the body
37
Hyperlipidemia Nursing Care
- Check, change, control - Maintain healthy weight - Be active - Limit smoking and alcohol - Dietary modifications - Meds
38
Dietary modifications for HLD
- Reduce saturated fats and trans fats - Increase complex carbs and fiber - Limit major sources of cholesterol - Limit alcohol & simple sugars if you have ⬆️ TGs - Eat fatty fish weekly - Foods high in omega-3 fatty acids (nuts)
39
Complete Blood Count Hgb & Hct
Hgb - iron containing pigment —> F (12-16) M (14-18) Hct - % total volume of blood made up of RBCs —> F (37-47%) M (42-52%)
40
Electrocardiogram | ECG
Normal sinus rhythm - originates in SA node P wave PR interval QRS complex QT interval
41
Electrodes/Tele
“Snow over grass” “Smoke over fire” “Chocolate next to my heart”
42
Nursing problems r/t cardiac
- unstable BP - activity intolerance - decreased CO - decreased tissue perfusion - fatigue - impaired gas exchange - ineffective airway clearance - fluid volume excess or deficit - risk for injury (Orthostatic HoTN)
43
Nursing Assessment r/t cardiac
- inspection and palpation - auscultation - history of heart assessment - assess and monitor VS and O2 sats - skin - changes in LOC - peripheral pulses - calf tenderness - edema - JVD (jugular venous distention, 45 degree
44
Nursing Assessment - Heart sounds
S1 — normal, lub S2 — normal, dub S3 — “ventricular gallop” — “Ken-TUCK-y” S4 — “atrial gallop” — “TEN-nes-see” Murmurs: Location, radiation, loudness, pitch, quality, systolic vs diastolic Clicks: Mechanical valve, metal comes together Rubs: Pericardial sac, sounds scratchy
45
5-Ps
``` P - Pain P - Pulse P - Pallor P - Paresthesia P - Paralysis ```
46
Cardiac Nursing Implementation
- Strict I&O - Monitor labs - Oxygen prn - Tele - Heart healthy diet - Limit stress - Meds - Prevent thrombus formation
47
Nursing Care: Pt Teaching
- Pt centered plan - Goals & resources - Avoid smoking and alcohol - Limit stress - Control HTN, HLD, DM - Nutrition - Exercise
48
Nursing care: Evaluation
- Evaluate progress - Meet goals? - If no, what is your next step to help them obtain their goal?

NUR 333 Fund Adult Nursing Care 2 (4 decks)

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