Week 2 Cartilage And Bone Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the functions of cartilage?
Support, flexibility, shock absorption, reduce joint friction, fusion, and shape maintenance.
What makes cartilage avascular?
It produces anti-angiogenesis factors, leading to poor healing capacity.
What is the perichondrium?
A dense irregular connective tissue layer that surrounds some types of cartilage.
What are chondrocytes?
Mature cartilage cells found in lacunae within the extracellular matrix.
What are the two types of cartilage growth?
Appositional growth (outer surface) and interstitial growth (within the tissue).
What is hyaline cartilage?
Most abundant cartilage; reduces friction at joints and provides flexible support. Found in ribs, joints, trachea.
What is fibrocartilage?
Durable, lacks ground substance, resists compression, absorbs shock. Found in intervertebral discs.
What is elastic cartilage?
Flexible and resilient due to elastic fibres. Found in ear flap, epiglottis, parts of larynx.
What causes osteoarthritis?
Degeneration of articular (hyaline) cartilage, causing bone-on-bone contact.
What are the functions of bone?
Support, mineral and lipid storage, blood cell production, protection, and leverage.
What is bone (osseous tissue) made of?
Low ground substance; 2/3 calcium salts, 1/3 collagen.
What makes bone strong and shatter-resistant?
Calcium minerals arranged around flexible collagen fibres.
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
The shaft, composed of compact bone and central marrow cavity.
What is the epiphysis?
The end of a long bone, mostly spongy bone with a compact outer layer.
What is the osteon?
The basic unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae.
What are trabeculae?
Thin beams in spongy bone matrix that support red marrow.
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells in lacunae that maintain and monitor bone matrix.
What are osteoblasts?
Bone-forming cells responsible for osteogenesis and calcium deposition.
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts during bone repair.
What are osteoclasts?
Giant cells derived from monocytes that break down bone matrix (osteolysis).
What is hydroxyapatite?
Crystals formed from calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide in bone.
What is ossification?
The process of bone formation.
What is intramembranous ossification?
Bone develops from mesenchymal tissue, forming skull and facial bones.
What is endochondral ossification?
Bone replaces hyaline cartilage, forming most long bones.
