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Human Bioscience > Week 2 - Cellular Organisation I > Flashcards

Week 2 - Cellular Organisation I Flashcards

Key Structure and Function of Cells (100 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 different types of cell fluids

A

Intracellular (ICF) and Extracellular (ECF)

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2
Q

What is 10^-3

A

mm

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3
Q

What is 10^-6

A

μm (micrometre)

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4
Q

What does μm mean

A

Micro Metre

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5
Q

What is 10^-9

A

nm (Nano Metre)

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6
Q

What is 10^3

A

km

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7
Q

What are the 5 main Components of the Cell Surface

A

Plasma Membrane, Structure/Function, Glycocalyx, Surface Extensions, Junctions

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8
Q

What are the 3 main Components of the Cell Interior

A

Cytoskeleton, Organelles, Inclusions

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9
Q

What are the 3 Components of a Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, Microtubules

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10
Q

Are Organelles Living or Not Living

A

Living

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11
Q

What are the 2 forms of Inclusions

A

Foreign Bodies, Stored Cellular Products

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12
Q

Are Inclusions always non living

A

No, Bacteria is Living

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13
Q

What is a Foreign Body (Cell Interior)

A

Things inside the cell that shouldn’t be there

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14
Q

What are some examples of Stored Cellular Products (Cell Interior)

A

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats

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15
Q

What are some examples of Foreign Bodies

A

Bacteria, Viruses, Dust

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16
Q

What is the Mitochondria, The Nucleus, and Golgi Apparatus all a part of

A

Organelles

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17
Q

Name the 5 Different Types of Passive Cellular Transport

A

Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Filtration, Osmosis, Tonicity

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18
Q

What are the 2 different Types Cellular Transport

A

Passive, Active

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19
Q

What are the 2 different Types of Active Cellular Transport

A

Na+/K+ Pump, Vesicular Transport

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20
Q

What are the 4 types of Vesicular Transport

A

Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Endocytosis, Exocytosis

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21
Q

What is a Concentration Gradient

A

the process of particles, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles

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22
Q

What type of Cellular Transport Travels down the Concentration Gradient

A

Passive

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23
Q

What type of Cellular Transport Travels up the Concentration Gradient

A

Active

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24
Q

What is the Energy Molecule called used in Active Cellular Transport

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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25
Cell Theory States that all Living Things are Made up of...
Cells
26
What is the smallest unit of life
Cells
27
All cells come from...
Pre-Existing Cells
28
Where does all the Vital Functions of an Organism Occur
Within the Cell
29
Where is hereditary Information Stored
Contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell
30
What is Cytology
Study of Cells
31
When were the first Microscopes
1630's
32
What are the Major Components of a Cell
Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Organelles, Inclusions
33
What makes up Cytoplasm
Cytosol, Organelles, Cytoskeleton, Inclusions
34
How many kinds of Cells in the Human Body
Around 200
35
Why do Human Cells vary in Abundance, Shape and Size
They relate to their Function in the body
36
What are the 8 Components of Cell Physiology
Connect Body Parts, Line Body Organs, Transport Gases, Move Organs/Body Parts, Store Nutrients, Fight Disease, Gather Information and Control Body Function, Reproduction
37
Can cells gather information on whether or not something within is Foreign or Self
Yes
38
What is the Plasma Membrane
The Outer Boundary of the Cell
39
What is the Plasma Membrane Made up of
Phospholipid Bilayer Membrane
40
What is the Control Centre of the Cell
Nucleus
41
What is contained inside the Nucleus
DNA, RNA
42
What is usually the Largest Organelle
Nucleus
43
What is the Jelly Like Substance inside the Cell
Cytosol (Not Cytoplasm)
44
What is a Cytoskeleton
Supportive Framework of Filaments and Tubules
45
What are Organelles
Diverse Structures Performing METABOLIC Tasks for the Cell
46
What is Cytosol
Intracellular Fluid, Clear thin Gel embedding other Internal Components
47
What are Body Fluids used for
Transport Nutrients or Expel Waste from Cells
48
What Percentage of your BODY WEIGHT is Water Weight
60%
49
What Percentage of your BODY WEIGHT is Intracellular Fluid
40%
50
What Percentage of your BODY WEIGHT is Extracellular Fluid
20%
51
What are the 2 types of Extracellular Fluid
Interstitial, Intravascular
52
What is Interstitial Fluid
Fluid Between the Cells (e.g. Tissues)
53
What is Intravascular Fluid
Inside Blood Vessels (e.g. Plasma)
54
What is the most common Measurement when looking at Cells
μm (micrometre)
55
What is the smallest size the Naked Eye can see
around 100μm
56
How big are Most Cells
Around 10-15μm Wide
57
What is the Longest Human Cell
Nerve Cells
58
Can you see the Longest Human Cells with your Naked Eye
No, you cannot see Nerve Cells
59
Why are Cells Small
To Support Diffusion and Metabolism
60
What Activities Happen at the Cell Surface Level
Binding of Signal Molecules, Stimulation of Cellular Activity, Attachment of Cells to each other, Transport of materials into and out of cells
61
What part of the Plasma Membrane is Hydrophilic
Phospholipid Heads
62
What part of the Plasma Membrane is Hydrophobic
Phospholipid Tails
63
If Fluid is not able to travel through the Plasma Membrane due to the Hydrophobic Phospholipid Tails, how does it get through
Protein Membrane Channels
64
What do the Phospholipid Heads Face
Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid
65
Why is Cholesterol Important in the Plasma Membrane
Structure and Integrity of the Phospholipid Bilayer
66
What is the Layer of the Plasma Membrane Called
Phospholipid Bilayer
67
What do Carbohydrate Chains do
Recognise Foreign or Self things and send signals to the Immune System
68
What are the 6 Membrane Proteins
Receptors, Enzyme, Channel, Gated Channel, Cell-Identity Marker, Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAM)
69
What is the Receptor Protein Membrane for
Absorbing Chemical Messengers and Telling the Cell to do something
70
What is the Enzyme Protein Membrane for
Breaks down the Chemical Messengers that the Receptor would absorb
71
What is the Channel Protein Membrane for
Stays constantly open allowing for Solutes to pass
72
What is the Gated Channel Protein Membrane for
Open and closes allowing for Solutes to pass only at certain times
73
What is the Cell Identity Marker Protein Membrane
A Glycoprotein, that recognises Foreign and Self Cells
74
What is the Cell-Adhesion Molecule Protein Membrane for
Binds Cell to Cell
75
What is the Glycocalyx
"Sugar Coating" of the Cell
76
What does sugar in the body refer to
Carbohydrates
77
What is the "Sugar Coating" of the Cell called
Glycocalyx
78
What does the Glycocalyx connect too on the cell
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins
79
What are the 3 functions of the Glycocalyx
Cell Adhesion Molecules (prevents tissues falling apart), Cushions Plasma Membrane (protection), Identifies Self and Foreign Substances
80
What are the 2 main Cell Surface Extensions
Microvilli, Cilia
81
What is Microvilli
A Surface Extension
82
What is Cilia
A Surface Extension
83
What are the functions of Microvilli
Increased Surface area allows for more absorption, as well as some sensory roles
84
What are some examples of Microvilli
Absorption: Epithelial Cells of the Small Intestine Sensory: Taste Buds & Inner Ear
85
What are the functions and characteristics of Cilia
Thin hair-like extensions allow for movement
86
What are some Examples of Cilia
found in the Mucous Membrane of the Respiratory Tract and Uterine Tubes
87
What is the tail like extension
Flagella
88
What is the cell that grows "feet"
Pseudopods
89
What is a pseudopod
an extension to a cell that grows feet, usually to engulf something
90
What is a Pseudopod made out of
Cytoplasm
91
What are the 3 Cellular Junctions
Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, Gap Junctions
92
What is the Apical Surface of a Cell
The right way up / upper part of the cell
93
What is the Basement Surface of a Cell
Upside down / lower part of the cell
94
Where do Tight Junctions Bind
Apical Surface
95
What Cellular Junction binds at the Apical Surface
Tight Junctions
96
What is a unique characteristic of tight junctions
Nothing can get in between the cells
97
What is the Anchoring Cellular Junction
Desmosomes
98
What are the Tunnel like Cellular Junctions
Gap Junctions
99
Where is a common place to find Gap Junctions
Cardiac Muscle
100
What role do the Phospholipids Serve in the Plasma Membrane
They keep it Viable and Moving, and allows specific things in and out

Human Bioscience (8 decks)

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