Week 2: ch 2-3

Question 1

Rough ER

Answer 1

forms proteins

Question 2

Smooth ER

Answer 2

forms lipids

Question 3

ER enzyme functions

Answer 3

1. make enzymes that control glycogen breakdown
2. Enzymes for detoxification

Question 4

Golgi apparatus

Answer 4

Processes substances from Endoplamic reticulum

Synthesizes carbohydrates

Concentrates secretions for send off

Question 5

Krebs cycle

Answer 5

Generates ATP

Question 6

Kreb’s cycle (basic steps)

Answer 6

1. Carbs –> glucose
   Proteins –> Amino acids
   Fats –> fatty acids
2. Glucose, AA and FA are processed into acetyl-CoA
3. AcetylCoA reacts with 02 to produce ATP

Question 7

Kreb’s yields ___ molecules of ATP per ___ molecule of glucose

Answer 7

38 per 1

Question 8

Cell locomotion (filaments)

Answer 8

Intermediate filaments mainly. made of actin and myosin

Question 9

Cilia occur in

Answer 9

Human airway and fallopian tubes

Question 10

Each cilium is comprised of

Answer 10

11 microtubules (the anaxome)

Question 11

Cilium is

Answer 11

an outgrowth of the basal body covered by outcropping of the plasma membrane

Question 12

Cillia movement

Answer 12

Continual endocytosis at tail and exocytosis at the leading edge of pseudopodium

Question 13

Attachment of pseudopodium facilitated by

Answer 13

receptor proteins that bind via interaction of actin and myosin

Question 14

Ciliia movement guidance

Answer 14

Move towards higher concentration of chemokines

Question 15

Proteins are the link between

Answer 15

genotype and phenotype

Question 16

DNA is read from

Answer 16

5’ to 3’

Question 17

Transcription

Answer 17

DNA –> mRNA

Question 18

Transcription occurs in

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

Translation

Answer 19

mRNA–>AA chain/polypeptide (protein formation)

Question 20

Translation occurs in

Answer 20

Ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 21

Gene expression is

Answer 21

the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

Question 22

Template strand

Answer 22

strand of DNA that provides triplet code

always the same strand for a given gene (may be opposite strand for a different gene)

Question 23

Codons

Answer 23

mRNA base triplets

Question 24

Base pairs DNA–RNA

Answer 24

T–>A
A–>U
G—>C
C—>G

Question 25

RNA synthesis is catalyzed by

Answer 25

RNA polymerase (pries DNA strand apart and joins nucleotides together)

Question 26

Promotor

Answer 26

DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attatches. Signal start point

Question 27

Transcription Unit

Answer 27

stretch of DNA that is transcribed

Question 28

Transcription factors

Answer 28

guide binding of RNA polymerase and initiation "OK we need to make this now"

Question 29

Transcription initiation complex

Answer 29

complete assembly of: 1.transcription factors 2. RNA polymerase bound to promotor

Question 30

TATA box

Answer 30

forms initiation complex (initiates transcription)

Question 31

RNA splicing

Answer 31

removes introns

Question 32

Exons

Answer 32

usually expressed and translated into amino acid sequences

Question 33

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 33

transfers AAs to growing polypeptide in ribosome

Question 34

tRNA MOA

Answer 34

has amino acid on one end and anticodon on the other. Each anticodon base pairs with complementary codon on mRNA

Question 35

ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)

Answer 35

make up ribosomal subunits (large and small)

Question 36

Ribosome P site

Answer 36

holds tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain

Question 37

Ribosome A site

Answer 37

holsd tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain

Question 38

Ribosomal E site

Answer 38

exit site where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome

Question 39

3 stages of translation (building a polypeptide)

Answer 39

1. initiation 2. elongation 3. termination

Question 40

methionine

Answer 40

AA carried by initiator tRNA

Question 41

Ribosomal translation initiation

Answer 41

1. Initiator tRNA carries methionine (signaled for by start codon AUG) 2. Small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA and initiator tRNA 3. small subunit moves along mRNA util it reaches the start codon (AUG) 4.Initiation factors bring in large ribosomal subunit

Question 42

Translation termination

Answer 42

Stop codon in mRNA reaches A site-->A site accepts protein called a release factor (causes addition of water instead of AA)