Week 2 - Dry Room

Question 1

What is the oral cavity’s vestibule?

Answer 1

The space between the teeth and the lips/cheek

Question 2

What muscles innervated by the facial nerve relates to the oral cavity?

Answer 2

Orbicularis Oris (Closes/purses lips)

Buccinator (in cheek)

Question 3

What do we call the posterior opening of the oral cavity?

Answer 3

The Oropharyngeal Isthmus

Question 4

Function of the tongue?

Answer 4

Chewing
Articulation
Taste
Swallowing

Question 5

What divides the ant and posterior segments of the tongue?

Answer 5

Terminal Sulcus (V Shaped)

Question 6

What/where is the foramen cecum?

Answer 6

At the apex of the terminal sulcus

It marks the opening to the embryological structure, the thyroglossal duct.

Question 7

Which papillae of the tongue contain taste buds?

Answer 7

Fungiform and Vallate

The Filiform papillae have no taste buds

Question 8

What are the surface projection on the posterior 3rd of the tongue?

Answer 8

Lymphoid tissue i.e. Lingual Tonsils

Question 9

What fold of mucous membrae attaches the base of the tongue to the floor?

Answer 9

The Frenulum

Question 10

What can you see under the tongue?

Answer 10

• Frenulum (fold of mucous membrane)
• Deep Lingual Veins
• Opening of submandibular ducts

Question 11

Describe the innervation of the tongue?

Answer 11

Anterior 3rd:

• Taste = Chorda Tympani (VII)
• Sensation = V3

Posterior 1/3:

• Taste = Glossopharyngeal
• Sensation = IX

Question 12

What are the extrinsic tongue muscles and their attachments?

Answer 12

Genioglossus - Midline surface of mandible internally

Hyoglossus - Hyoid bone

Styloglossus - Styloid process

Palatoglossus - Soft Palate

Question 13

What are the actions of the various extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 13

Genioglossus - Protrudes tongue to opposite side

Hyoglossus - Depression & Retraction

Styloglossus - Retraction

Palatoglossus - Elevates Post Tongue

Question 14

If the right genioglossus is paralysed how will the tongue deviate on protrusion?

Answer 14

To the right (because each genioglossus causes protrusion to the opposite side)

Question 15

What is formed form the palatoglossus?

Answer 15

The palatoglossal Arch

Question 16

What innervates the intrinsic/extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 16

Hypoglossal (XII) innervates all except the palatoglossus

Question 17

On a transverse section of tongue how do you pick out the various muscles?

Answer 17

by attachment but if thats difficult sup -> Inf:

• Intrinsic muscles
• Genioglossus
• Geniohyoid
• Mylohyoid

Question 18

What muscles divides the submandibular gland?

Answer 18

The mylohyoid divides it into superificial and deep lobes

Question 19

What nerve innervates the salivary glands?

Answer 19

Parotid is by the IX cranial nerve (Glossopharyngeal)

Submandibular and sublingual are chorda tympani (VII)

Question 20

Name the muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 20

Palatoglossus & Palatopharyngeus
Musculus Uvulae
Tensor Veli Palatini & Levator Veli Palatini

Question 21

What nerves innervate the soft palate muscles?

Answer 21

The pharyngeal plexus innervates all except the tensor veli palatini.

Its innervated by the Mandibular division of V (V3)

Question 22

What nerves make up the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 22

Cranial Nerves IX & X

Plus sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion

Question 23

What do the soft palate muscles do?

Answer 23

Close off the nasopharynx during swallowing

Question 24

What structure lies between the palatine arches?

Answer 24

Palatine Tonsils

Question 25

What is the vallecula?

Answer 25

A space behind the tongue but in front of the epiglottis, it can become lodged with food

Question 26

What forms the roof of the pharynx (specfically the nasopharynx)

Answer 26

The sphenoid body and the pharyngeal tonsils (Adenoids)

Question 27

Describe the muscles of the pharynx

Answer 27

Comes in 2 layers: - outer circular layer is made of the sup/middle/inf pharyngeal constrictors - Inner Longitudinal Layer is made of the stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus,

Question 28

Whats the special function of the salpingopharyngeus

Answer 28

Opening the eustachian tube during swallowing to equalise middle ear pressure

Question 29

The pharyngeal muscles are supplied by the pharyngeal plexus, but which Cr N Supplies most of the sensory or motor fibres?

Answer 29

IX - Sensory X - Motor

Question 30

Function of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles?

Answer 30

Peristalsis to propel the bolus down into the oesophagus

Question 31

Function of the Longitudinal Pharyngeal Muscles?

Answer 31

(Stylopharyngeus/Salpingopharyngeus/Palatopharyngeus) Shorten/Widen the Pharynx

Question 32

List the lymphoid tissues of the oral cavity/pharynx

Answer 32

- Lingual Tonsils -- Post 3rd tongue surface - Palatine Tonsils -- Between palatine arches - Pharyngeal tonsils (Adenoids) -- Roof of nasopharynx - Pharyngeal Lymphoid Ring (Waldeyer's Ring) -- Around Entrance to oropharynx

Question 33

Function of the Larynx?

Answer 33

Protective inlet to Resp System Also Contains Voice Box

Question 34

Identify the cartilages of the larynx? (clue theres 9)

Answer 34

- Thyroid - Cricoid - Epiglottis - 2x Arytenoid (Triangular at sup/post border of cricoid) - 2x Corniculate (horns on top of arytenoid) - 2x Cuneiform (doesnt matter)

Question 35

Which membrane is pierced during anaphylaxis and why?

Answer 35

Cricothyroid Its inferior to the vocal chords which swell, constricting breathing, during anaphylaxis

Question 36

What structures form the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 36

Epiglottis Arytenoids Corniculates Aryepiglottic Folds

Question 37

What are the sections of the larynx?

Answer 37

Vestibule -- Laryngeal inlet to Vestibular folds Middle -- Vestibular folds to True vocal chords Lower -- True Vocal chords to lower border of cricoid

Question 38

What nerves innervate the instrinsic laryngeal muscles and whats their function?

Answer 38

They determine laryngeal inlet diameter They also constrict, abduct and adduct the vocal chords. All innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except the cricothyroid which is the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 39

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx?

Answer 39

Sup Laryngeal Nerve