Week 3 Dry

Question 1

Which bone forms the floor of the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 1

Sphenoid & temporal bones

Question 2

What is the Pterion?

Answer 2

A region of the skull where the Frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones come together to form an H shaped structure

Question 3

What foramina are found in the anterior Cranial fossa?

Answer 3

The foramina of the cribriform plate, contains the branches of the olfactory nerve

Question 4

What foramen are found in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 4

• Optic Foramen
• Sup Orbital Fissure
• Foramen Rotundum
• Foramen Ovale
• Foramen Spinosum
• Foramen Lacerum
• Carotid Canal

Question 5

What passes through the optic foramen

Answer 5

Optic Nerve and Opthalmic Artery

Question 6

What passes through the sup orbital fissure

Answer 6

III, IV, V1 & VI nerves

Opthalmic Veins

Question 7

What passes through the Foramen Rotundum?

Answer 7

V2 (Maxillary Division) which then appears again through the inf orbital fissure

Question 8

What passes through the Foramen Ovale?

Answer 8

V3

Question 9

What passes through the Foramen Spinosum?

Answer 9

Meningeal branch of V3

Middle Meningeal Art/Vein

Question 10

What passes through the Foramen Lacerum?

Answer 10

Nothing for our purposes

Question 11

What passes through the Carotid Canal?

Answer 11

ICA

Question 12

What foramen are found in the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 12

Internal Acoustic Foramen
Jugular Foramen
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Magnum

Question 13

What passes through the Internal Acoustic Foramen?

Answer 13

VestibuloCochlear Nerve

Facial Nerve

Question 14

What passes through the Jugular Foramen?

Answer 14

IJV/Intracranial Venous Sinuses

Glossopharyngeal, Vagus and Accessory nerve

Question 15

What passes through the Hypoglossal Canal?

Answer 15

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

Question 16

What passes through the Foramen Magnum?

Answer 16

Spinal origins of XI

Spinal Cord

Question 17

A groove is found just lateral to the foramen spinosum, what makes it?

Answer 17

Middle meningeal Artery

Question 18

What type of Haemorrhage would result from damage to the middle meningeal art?

Answer 18

Epidural Haemorrhage

Question 19

What grooves start from the internal occipital protuberance?

Answer 19

LAterally the grooves of the transverse sinuses, these then become the S shaped sigmoid sinuses

Superiorly the Sup Sagittal Sinus groove

Question 20

What is the sella turcica?

Answer 20

A depression in the midline in the middle cranial fossa containing the pituitary gland. Its in the body of the sphenoid bone and bounded by the ant/post clinoid processes

Question 21

What attaches to the ant/post clinoid processes?

Answer 21

Tentorium Cerebelli

Question 22

What groove is found immediately anterior to the foramen rotundum?

Answer 22

Cavernous sinus groove (its also immediately lateral to the sella turcica)

Question 23

What parts of the sphenoid bone stick out inferiorly?

Answer 23

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

Sphenoidal crest in the midline

Pterygoid hamulus (Hook shaped protuberance on the lower extremity of the medial pterygoid plate)

Question 24

What muscles attach to the pterygoid plates?

Answer 24

Medial - Tensor Veli Palatini

Lateral - Medial and lateral pterygoid muslces

Question 25

Why do neonates have partially ossified skulls?

Answer 25

It allows them to be more flexible so it can grow during infancy, absorb shock from falls as an infant and be compressed during birth

Question 26

What type of ossification forms the bones of the skull?

Answer 26

Trick question BOOM Surprise BITCH its both Flat bones of skull vault = Intramembranous Irregular Bones of skull base = Endochondral

Question 27

At what age do the fontanelles fuse?

Answer 27

``` Ant = 18-24 months Post = Within the first few months of life ```

Question 28

What type of epithelium is on the tongue?

Answer 28

Stratified Squamous Keratinized

Question 29

The various salivary glands secrete different proportions of mucous or serous secretions, how do we tell the difference?

Answer 29

Histologically because Serous acini stain strongly due to their high protein content. And Mucous acini dont stain as they produce largely glycoproteins.

Question 30

What do myoepithelial cells do?

Answer 30

Surround acini and squeeze to push out the secretions

Question 31

Which salivary gland is serous and which mucous?

Answer 31

Parotid is mostly serous (darkly stained) Submandibular is mixed Sublingual is mostly mucous (Lightly stained)