week 2: electromagnetic radiations

Question 1

define energy

Answer 1

ability to do work

Question 2

name some common classifications of energy

Answer 2

mechanical
thermal
chemical
nuclear
electrical
EM

Question 3

electromagnetic energy: an electric and magnetic ________ traveling through ____ at the _________

Answer 3

disturbance, space, speed of light

Question 4

what is the EM spectrum?

Answer 4

The range of electromagnetic energy in wavelengths. It is a continuum of every possible electromagnetic frequency.

Radio waves, light, and x-rays are all examples of different ranges of wavelengths within this spectrum.

Question 5

distance traveled in completing one cycle

Answer 5

wavelength

Question 6

number of cycles per second (Hz)

Answer 6

frequency

Question 7

what type of wave is a wavelength?

Answer 7

sine wave

Question 8

EM energies varies in _____

Answer 8

kinetic energy

Question 9

what is the velocity of EM radiation (powerpoint?)

Answer 9

186,000 miles/second

Question 10

for EM radiation, _______ is constant; __________ vary

Answer 10

velocity, wavelength and frequency

Question 11

distance between crest and trough

Answer 11

amplitude

Question 12

what is radiation?

Answer 12

energy that passes from one location to another

Question 13

what determines which types of radiation will be ionizing?

Answer 13

kinetic energy of the radiation

Question 14

what is difference between ionizing and nonionizing radiation?

Answer 14

the able to interact with matter and remove electrons

Question 15

When we ionize an atom, we create _________

Answer 15

an ion pair

Question 16

particulate radiation (is/is not) ionizing radiation

Answer 16

is

Question 17

photons are the ______ of electromagnetic energy

Answer 17

smallest possible unit

Question 18

what are the 4 characteristics of photons?

Answer 18

1. Travel through space at the speed of light
2. No mass
3. Surrounded by electric and magnetic fields
4. Move in a sine wave configuration

Question 19

what is a photon?

Answer 19

smallest possible unit of EM energy

Question 20

particulate radiation includes

Answer 20

alpha and beta particles

Question 21

what’s the difference between x-ray photon and photons?

Answer 21

photons can be light photons, microwave photons; x-ray photons are ionizing

Question 22

What are the characteristics of x-ray photons?

Answer 22

-travel in straight lines at 186,000 miles/sec
-have no mass
-are highly penetrating and invisible
-are electrically neutral
-can cause harmful biologic effects
-cannot be detected by human senses
-polyenergetic or heterogenous energies
-can cause ionization
-produce secondary and scatter radiation

Question 23

A measure of the energy of a moving electron or x-ray photon

Answer 23

electron volts

Question 24

The process of turning an atom into an ion by adding or removing an electron.

Answer 24

ionization

Question 25

The quality of a structure that is denser and, therefore, absorbs x-rays more readily.

Answer 25

radiopaque

Question 26

The condition in which some electromagnetic radiation photons (such as light or x-rays) are absorbed but some are transmitted through a substance.

Answer 26

attenuated

Question 27

The principle that the intensity of electromagnetic radiation such as light or x-rays diminishes by a factor of the square of the distance from its source

Answer 27

inverse square law

Question 28

The state of light or x-ray photons that have passed through a substance such as air, clear glass, or different substances in the patient's body. This is wave characteristic

Answer 28

transmission

Question 29

Bending" of light rays as they pass through one clear medium to another. The amount of refraction varies, depending on wavelength. This is wave characteristic

Answer 29

refraction

Question 30

do x-rays have a charge?

Answer 30

no, they are electrically neutral

Question 31

wave-particle duality: Ability of EM radiation to exhibit properties of a _______ depending on its _____ (and sometimes its _________)

Answer 31

particle or wave; energy, environment

Question 32

originate differences in x-ray v. gamma rays

Answer 32

gamma: originate in the nuclei of atoms x–ray: originates from interaction between electrons and atoms.

Question 33

gamma originate in the _______

Answer 33

nuclei of atoms

Question 34

x-rays originate in the _____________

Answer 34

interaction between electrons and atoms

Question 35

is the energy in the x-ray beam heterogenous or homogeneous?

Answer 35

heterogeneous