Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURSADN6 Med Surg > Week 2 GU > Flashcards

Week 2 GU Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney Disorders include

A
  1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
  2. Most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain, in an acutely ill patient is weight
  3. Refer to table 48-1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gerontologic Considerations for Kidney Disorders

A
  1. Less able to respond to F&E changes
  2. Atypical/ nonspecific/sx of altered renal function
  3. Fluid Balance diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fluid balance deficit includes?

A
  1. Constipation
  2. Falls
  3. Medication Toxicity
  4. UTIs/ URIs
  5. Delirium
  6. Seizures
  7. Hyperthermia
  8. Delayed Wound Healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name Primary Glomerular Diseases

A
  • Diseases that destroy the glomerulus of the kidney
  • 3rd most common cause of stage 5 CKD
  • Glomerulonephritis
    -acute or chronic
    -Nephrotic Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries and can be acute or chronic

A

Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Kidney is damage with mild kidney loss of function
EGFR is 60-89
60-89 % kidney function

A

Stage 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Kidney function is 90-100%
GFR is 90 or above
- May have kidney damage (Protein in urine with normal kidney function)

A

Stage 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mild to moderate loss of kidney function
eGFR is 45-59
45-59% Kidney function

A

Stage 3a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Moderate to severe loss of kidney function
eGFR is 30-44
Kidney Function is 30-44%

A

Stage 3b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Severe loss of kidney function
eGFR is 15-29
15-29% Severe loss of kidney function

A

Stage 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Kidney Failure
eGFR is less than 15
Less than 15%

A

Stage 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glomerulus

A

The main function of the glomerulus is to filter plasma to produce glomerular filtrate, which passes down the length of the nephron tubule to form urine.

Bowman’s Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nephron

A

The nephrons work through a two-step process: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes. Each nephron has a glomerulus to filter your blood and a tubule that returns needed substances to your blood and pulls out additional wastes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Podocytes cooperate with mesyngal cells to do what

A

Support the structure and function of the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proximal loop located in

A

Renal cortex
closest to bowman’s capsule
Freely permeable cell membrane allows for reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Renal pyramids in the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Distal Loop

A

Furthest away
Collecting tubule in renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type of acute glomerular nephritis
Renal failure with glomerular inflammation

A

Acute Nephritic Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Manifestations of of Acute Nephritic Syndrome

A

Hematuria- may be microscopic or look like cola d/t glomerular bleeding
- Pus and cellular/ granular casts in urine
- Protein variable
- Sever cases decreased GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This may be mild or may progress to acute renal failure or death

A

Acute Nephritic Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the medical management of acute nephritic syndrome

A

Supportive care and dietary modifications
- Treat cause if appropriate- abx, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the types of Nephritic Syndrome

A
  1. Post- infectious
  2. Rapidly progressive
  3. Membrane Proliferative
  4. Membranous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inflamed glomerulus compromises blood flow and filtration

A

Post Infectious Nephritic Syndrome

23
Q

Oliguria
Hematuria
Azotemia
HTN
Mild Edema

A

Post Infectious Nephritic Syndrome

24
This disease includes -early fibrin crescent -later cells move in Fibrin Scabs in Bowman's space prevent filtration and become permanent scars, ruining kidneys
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
25
RPGN results when and with what?
When most of the glomeruli are damaged severely enough to allow fibrin to enter Bowman's spaces - Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
26
Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane type of nephritic syndrome
Membrane Proliferation
27
What is the sequence of Nephritic Syndrome ?
Antigen Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep THEN Antigen antibody product THEN Deposition of antigen- antibody complex in glomerulus THEN Increased production of epithelial cells lining the glomerulus THEN Leukocyte infiltration of the glomerulus THEN Thickening of the glomerular filtration membrane THEN Scarring and loss glomerular filtration membrane THEN Decreased GFR
28
Clinical Manifestations of Acute Nephritic Syndrome
- Decreased Hematuria - Azotemia - Proteinuria - Edema - HTN Labs: Decreased albumin, increased Lipids, fatty casts in urine, Increased BUN/ Cr
29
Name complications of Acute Glomerulonephritis
- HTN Encephalopathy - Heart Failure - Pulmonary Edema
30
What is the medical management of Acute Glomerulonephritis ?
- Tx of sx - Treatment of complications - Managing HTN Controlling proteinuria- diet low in prot and Na - Pharmacologic Therapy depends on cause / corticosteroids
31
Name the diagnostic findings of acute glomerulonephritis
1, Enlarged liver, neck veins 2. General swelling 3. Elevated BP 4. Tests include - electrolytes - BUN/Creatinine - Urinalysis : protein, appearance, and color - Kidney Biopsy
32
Repeated acute glomerular nephritis, HTN nephrosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, an other causes of glomerular damage
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
33
Renal insufficiency or failure: asymptomatic for years as glomerular damage increases before signs and symptoms develop
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
34
What are abnormal lab test results of acute Glomerulonephritis?
- Urine with fixed specific gravity - Casts - Proteinuria - Electrolyte imbalances and hypoalbuminemia Medical management is determined by symptoms
35
Name the clinical manifestations of Chronic Glomerulonephritis
- Appears poorly malnourished - Yellow - grey skin coloring - Peri- orbital- peripheral edema -Retina: hemorrhage, exudate, papilledema. tortuous AV - Cardiomegaly: gallop rhythm, distended neck veins - Crackles bases of lungs
36
Management of Chronic Glomerular Nephritis includes ?
- Aggressive tx of high blood pressure - Na and water restriction - Weights daily > diuretic fluid overload - Diet: high in proteins, calories - tx UTIs promptly - Dialysis
37
Describe the Nephrotic Syndrome Concept Map
Glomerular Damage ----- Increased permeability to proteins - Proteinuria greater 3.5 g/ 24 hr THEN Leads to PROTEINURIA 1. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure- Edema 2. Compensatory synthesis of proteins by liver - Hyperlipidemia
38
What is the nursing process of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Injury - Assessment
1. Fluid status 2. Nutritional status 3. Patient Knowledge 4. Activity tolerance 5. Self- Esteem 6. Potential Complications
39
What do we also assess for in collaborative problems and complications?
1. Hyperkalemia 2. Pericarditis 3. Pericardial effusion 4. Pericardial Tamponade 5. HTN 6. Anemia 7. Bone Disease and metastatic calcifications
40
The nursing process of patients with chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury diagnosis includes what?
1. Excess fluid volume 2 Imbalanced Nutrition 3. Deficient knowledge 4. Risk for situational low self- esteem
41
Nursing process of planning for patients chronic kidney disease and Acute kidney injury planning includes ?
Goals may include maintaining of IBW without excess fluid, maintenance of adequate nutritional intake, increased knowledge, participation of activity within tolerance improved self esteem, and absence of complications
42
Kidneys are reduced to little as ...
1/5th normal size
43
With excess fluid volume we do what?
Assess- s/s of fluid volume excess, keep accurate I&), and daily weights Limit- Limit fluid to prescribe Identify- Sources of fluid Explain- Explain to pt and family the rationale for fluid restrictions Assist- Patient to cope with the fluid restrictions Provide or encourage- Frequent oral hygiene
44
What are some assessments one will do with imbalanced nutrition?
- Nutritional status, weight changes, lab data - Nutritional patterns, history preferences - Provide food preferences within restrictions - Encourage high quality nutritional foods while maintaining nutritional restrictions - Stomatitis or anorexia: modify intake related to factors tat contribute to alterations - adjust medications times related to meals
45
Risk for Situational Low Self Esteem
Assess patient and family responses to illness and tx - Assess relationships and coping patterns - Encourage open discussion about changes and concerns - Explore- Alternate ways of sexual expression Discuss- role of giving and receiving love, warmth, and affection
46
Urolithiasis Nephrolithiasis
- Calculi (stones) in the urinary tract or kidney - Causes may be unknown - Depend on location and presence of obstruction or infection - Pain and hematuria Diagnosis: Radiography, blood chem., and stone analysis, strain all urine and save stones
47
Name the potential sites of urinary calculi
-Right kidney - renal stones --Left kidney-- renal stones - Ureters Bladder
48
Name the manifestations of urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis
Infection UTI: chills, fever Intense CVA tendrness - Hematuria - Pyuria - Pain radiates : Bladder -Female; Testes- Males N/V Urinary Retention
49
Name the Diagnostics of Urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis
1. KUB 2. Ultrasonography 3. IV urography 4. Retrograde Pylography 5. 24 hr urine test Ca, uric acid, creatinine, Na, pH 6. Passed stone
50
Management to eradicate the stone includes what?
-Pain- opioid analgesic - Inflammatory - NSAIDs - Hot baths or moist heat - Prevention- Nutritional - Fluids; Oral or IV
51
Name natural remedies for Kidney Stones include
1. lemon juice 2. Olive oil 3. Raw apple cider vinegar 4. Dandelion Root 5. Celery 6. Basil 7. Leafy green vegetables 8 Exercise 9. Drink plenty of water 10. Avoid sugar and soy
52
Name methods of removing or treating Renal Stones
1. Use of cystoscope 2. Use of ureteroscope 3. Use of Xray imaging/ Lithotripsy 4. Use of alligator forceps to remove kidney stone fragments
53
Patient Education of urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis includes
- S/ S to report - Follow up care - Urine ph monitoring - Measures to prevent recurrent stones - Importance of fluid intake - Dietary education - Medication education as needed
54
Nursing Diagnosis of preoperative urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis
- Anxiety - Imbalanced Nutrition - Deficient knowledge
55
Nursing Diagnosis Postoperative of Stones
- Risk of impaired skin integrity - Acute pain - Disturbed body image - Potential sexual dysfunction - Deficient Knowledge

NURSADN6 Med Surg (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions