Week 4 ABG Review

Question 1

Test to measure the acidity (ph), the levels of oxygen O2, carbon dioxide (CO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3) in the blood.

Answer 1

ABGs ( Arterial Blood Gases)

• Used to provide diagnosis and to guide therapy in ill patients.

Question 2

Acid/ Base Numbers of HCO3

Answer 2

22-26 mEq/L

Question 3

pH level is

Answer 3

7.35-7.45

Question 4

PaCO2 is

Answer 4

35-45 mm Hg

Question 5

PaO2 80-100 mm Hg

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Oxygen saturation is above

Answer 6

94%

Question 7

The kidneys regulate arterial HCO3 by reabsorbing what?

Answer 7

Filtered bicarbonate and replacing bicarbonate lost in buffering acids

Question 8

Lungs regulate what?

Answer 8

CO2 via the medulla

Question 9

Name the components of ABG

Answer 9

1. pH - portrays acid or alkaline balance of the blood
2. PCO2- Amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood plasma
3. HCO3- Amount of bicarbonate (base) in the blood

Question 10

pH portrays the what?

Answer 10

Acid or alkaline balance of the blood

Normal 7.35-7.45
pH less than 7.35 is an acid condition

7.45 the body is what? Alkaline state.

Question 11

PCO2 is what?

Answer 11

Amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood

Question 12

When CO2 is combined with H2O becomes what?

Answer 12

Carbonic Acid

Therefore is considered an acid

Question 13

Normal range of CO2 is

Answer 13

35-45

Question 14

PCO2 is regulated by what?

Answer 14

Lungs and respiratory
If CO2 is above 45 an acid condition exists
If CO2 is below 35 then it is an alkaline condition exists

Question 15

HCO3 is amount of bicarbonate in the blood

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Normal range for HCO3 is

Answer 16

22-26

Influenced by metabolic system

Question 17

What is regulated by the renal system?

Answer 17

HCO3

Question 18

Acid condition exists if < 22 (deficiency of base products)

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Alkaline condition exists if

Answer 19

> 26 too much base

Question 20

Respiratory acidosis occurs with what?

Answer 20

Hypoventilation (retain CO2)

1. Overdose of narcotics
2. COPD
3. Neuromuscular disorders

Question 21

Respiratory insufficiency there will be signs of what?

Answer 21

1. SOB
2. Cyanosis

Question 22

a

Question 23

Name the causes of Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 23

1. Fear/ Pain
2. Large Tidal Volume
3. Increased respiratory rate

Question 24

This occurs when body gains acid or loses base thus decreasing HCO3 <22

Answer 24

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 25

Name the causes of loss of lower GI fluids

Answer 25

Diarrhea - Pancreatic Drain - Kidney Failure

Question 26

Name the symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

1. Deep and fast breathing 2. Disorientation 3. Coma

Question 27

This occurs when body loses acid or gains base, thus increasing the HCO3 > 26.

Answer 27

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 28

Name the causes of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 28

1. NG suction 2. Vomiting 3. Overuse of antacids

Question 29

Name the symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 29

Mental confusion Apathy Weakness Dizziness

Question 30

What is compensation?

Answer 30

Body's attempt to maintain the pH within normal limits

Question 31

Name the 3 degrees of compensation

Answer 31

1. Complete Compensation 2. Partial Compensation 3. No compensation

Question 32

The respiratory system attempts to do what to compensate for metabolic disorders

Answer 32

1. Responds within minutes 2. Increase rate and depth of breathing

Question 33

The metabolic system attempts to compensate for respiratory abnormalities

Answer 33

True 1. Slow and may take 24-48 hr 2. Kidneys save HCO3 which increases the pH 3. When pH normal, compensation complete

Question 34

What is complete compensation?

Answer 34

Occurs when the pH value returns to normal

Question 35

In complete compensations both what will be abnormal?

Answer 35

PCO2 and HCO3 One value will be abnormal as it is causing the disorder 2nd value will become abnormal in compensation for the imbalance

Question 36

In partial compensation what is not yet within normal limits?

Answer 36

pH

Question 37

What is all abnormal in partial compensation?

Answer 37

pH, PCO2, and HCO3

Question 38

One value abnormal as it is causing the disorder 2nd value abnormal as it attempts to compensate for the disorder

Answer 38

True

Question 39

In no compensation the pH will be what?

Answer 39

Abnormal

Question 40

With metabolic disorder the HCO3 will be?

Answer 40

Abnormal and the PCo2 will be normal

Question 41

With respiratory disorder the PCO2 will be

Answer 41

Abnormal and the Hco3 will be normal

Question 42

Step 1 in ABG is

Answer 42

Determine if pH is acid or alkaline

Question 43

if pH is less than .35 it is

Answer 43

Acid condition exists

Question 44

7.35- 7.40 is

Answer 44

Normal but on low (acid) side of normal

Question 45

If pH is 7.40-7.45 it is normal but on high (alkaline) side of normal

Answer 45

True

Question 46

If the pH is 7.45 above

Answer 46

Alkaline condition exists - record value and write whether it is normal, acid or alkaline

Question 47

What is step 2 of ABG?

Answer 47

Determine if PCO2 ACID (high) or Alkaline (low)

Question 48

Step 2 of ABG includes

Answer 48

1. Evaluate the respiratory system by assessing the PCO2 2. If PCO2n> 45 an acid condition exists 3. If PCO2 <35 an alkaline condition exists 4. Record the PCO2 value and write beside the value whether it is normal, acid, or alkaline

Question 49

Step 3 of ABG is

Answer 49

Determine if HCO3 is acid (low) or Alkaline (high)

Question 50

Step 3 of ABG includes

Answer 50

1. Evaluate - The metabolic system by assessing the HCO3 level 2. Base - If <22, base products low and acid condition exists 3. Excess - If >26, excess of base products cause and alkaline condition 4. Record - Record the HCO3 value and write beside the value whether it is normal, acid, or alkaline

Question 51

What is step 4 of ABG?

Answer 51

Compare the pH with the metabolic HCO3 or resp. CO2

Question 52

Step 4 ABG includes

Answer 52

1. Look at condition(Normal, Acid or Alkaline) was written beside pH 2. Determine which system (Metabolic HCO3) or (Respiratory PCO2) has the same condition 3. The system that has the same condition as the pH is the one causing the imbalance

Question 53

Step 5 of ABG is

Answer 53

Once pH has been matched with the system causing the disorder, look at te value of the other system to determine the status of compensation