Week 2 - Heart and Great Vessels

Question 1

Surface markings of top left of heart

Answer 1

2nd costal cartilage

Question 2

Surface marking of top right of heart

Answer 2

3rd costal cartilage

Question 3

Surface marking of bottom right of heart

Answer 3

6th costal cartilage

Question 4

Surface marking of bottom left of heart

Answer 4

5th intercostal space

Question 5

The heart lies behind the _________ although _______ does protrude to the _________

Answer 5

Sternum
Apex
Left

Question 6

The heart is attached to the diaphragm via the

Answer 6

Peicardium

Question 7

The pericardium attaches the heart to

Answer 7

The diaphrgam

Question 8

Can you palpate the apex of the heart

Answer 8

Yes, at the 5th intercostal space

Question 9

What two strucutres of the heart are most obvious on an x-ray

Answer 9

Arch of the aorta

Apex

Question 10

Other blood vessels are more easily seen on an

Answer 10

Angiogram

Question 11

Describe the ascending aorta

Answer 11

Major trunck out of the left ventricle

Question 12

Describe the arch of the aorta

Answer 12

Point where three branches come off

Question 13

First branch of the arch of the aorta

Answer 13

Brachiocephalic artery

Question 14

What does the brachiocephalic artery divide into

Answer 14

The right common carotid and the right sub clavian

Question 15

Why the naming - sub clavian

Answer 15

Runs under the clavical (collar bone)

Question 16

The right common carotid artery is a branch off the

Answer 16

Brachiocephalic artery

Question 17

The right subclavian artery is a branch off the

Answer 17

Brachiocephalic artery

Question 18

What is the second branch off the aorta

Answer 18

Left common carotid artery

Question 19

What is the function of left common carotid artery

Answer 19

Supply brain, neck and face

Question 20

What is the third branch off the aorta

Answer 20

Left subclavian artery

Question 21

What is the function of the left subclavian artery

Answer 21

Supply the arm

Question 22

The left subclavian artery is what branch off the aorta

Answer 22

3rd branch off the aorta

Question 23

The brachiocephalic artery is what branch off the aorta

Answer 23

1st branch

Question 24

The left common carotid artery is what branch off the aorta

Answer 24

2nd branch

Question 25

Function of the right internal jugular vein

Answer 25

Combines with the right brachiocephalic vein to feed in into the inferior vena cava

Question 26

What combines with the right brachiocephalic vein to feed into the IVC

Answer 26

Right internal jugular vein

Question 27

Function of left internal jugular vein

Answer 27

Combines with the left bachiocephalic vein

Question 28

The right atrium is pierced by _________

Answer 28

The vena cava

Question 29

What do all of the coronary veins drain into

Answer 29

Coronary sinus

Question 30

Coronary sinus drains into what chamber

Answer 30

Right atrium

Question 31

What is a way in which the heart can be easily orientated

Answer 31

Vena cava enters the heart straight

Question 32

Why is the left ventricle thicker walled

Answer 32

Has to do more work to pump blood aorund the systemic circulation

Question 33

What is wall thickness directly proportional to

Answer 33

The work that must be done

Question 34

What are the internally irregular muscle columns called

Answer 34

trabeculae carnae

Question 35

The left atrium is more ___________ than the right so ...

Answer 35

Posterior | Can't be seen from the front

Question 36

What forms the apex of the heart

Answer 36

Left ventricle

Question 37

Which chamber is the thickest

Answer 37

Left ventricle

Question 38

What chambers does the tricuspid valve separate

Answer 38

Right atrium and right ventricle

Question 39

When does the tricuspid valve open

Answer 39

When pressure in the atria is greater than in the ventricles forcing the blood into the ventricles

Question 40

What does the pulmonary valve separate

Answer 40

The right atrium from the pulmonary ciruclation

Question 41

How many cusps in the tricuspid valve

Answer 41

3

Question 42

What anchors the tricuspid valve to the wall

Answer 42

Chordae tendini

Question 43

When does the pulmonary valve open

Answer 43

Opens when pressure in the right ventricle is higher than in the pulmonary vein

Question 44

What does the mitral valve separate

Answer 44

The left atrium and left ventricle

Question 45

When does the mitral valve open

Answer 45

When the pressure in the left atrium is higher than in the left ventricle

Question 46

Mitral valve, how many leaflets

Answer 46

2

Question 47

What does the aortic valve seperate

Answer 47

The left ventricle and the aorta

Question 48

At what point in the cardiac cycle does the aortic valve open

Answer 48

Ventricular systole

Question 49

Describe the cordae tendinae

Answer 49

Chord like tendons that connect papillary muscles o the tri and bi cuspid valves

Question 50

Composition of the cordae tendinae

Answer 50

80% collagen | 20% elastin

Question 51

Describe the state of the cordae tendinae when the valves are open

Answer 51

Relaxed | Allow the opening

Question 52

Describe what happens to the cordae tendinae when the ventricles contract

Answer 52

Prevent eversion by becoming tense

Question 53

What is the fossa ovalis

Answer 53

Depression between the right and left atrium when first breath taken (pressure changes) and a fibrous sheath covers the foramen ovalis.

Question 54

What is the function of the foramen ovalis

Answer 54

To bypass the pulmonary circulation

Question 55

What structure allows the bypassing of the pulmonary circulation in utero

Answer 55

Foramen ovalis

Question 56

When the foramen ovalis is closed it is called the

Answer 56

Fossa ovalis

Question 57

What is the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 57

Remnant of the ductus arteriosus

Question 58

What is the ductus arteriosus

Answer 58

Duct between pulmonay artey and aorta to enable the pulmonary circulation to be bypassed

Question 59

What is the ductus arteriosus called when it is closed

Answer 59

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 60

What does the left coronary artery split into

Answer 60

The anteriorinterventricular artery and the circumflex

Question 61

What does the right coronary artery split into

Answer 61

The marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery

Question 62

Function of the interventricular artery

Answer 62

Supplies the anteriorlateral myocaridum, apex and interventricular septum

Question 63

Is the interventricular artery important why?

Answer 63

Critical, supplies 50% of the left ventricle

Question 64

Circumflex artery function

Answer 64

Supplies the posteiror lateral left ventricle and the SAN in 38% of people

Question 65

What is the function of the marginal artery

Answer 65

Supplies all of the surfaces of the right ventricle

Question 66

What is the function of the posterior interventricular artery

Answer 66

Supplies the posterior interventricular septum

Question 67

What drains into the coronary sinus

Answer 67

Right and left coronary veins

Question 68

The _____ is the natural pacemaker of the heart

Answer 68

SAN

Question 69

Describe the AVN

Answer 69

Specialised tissue between the atria and ventircles BY ELECTRICALLY connecting the arteries and ventricles