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BMS246 Anatomy > Week 4 - The Abdomen > Flashcards

Week 4 - The Abdomen Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

How many layers of muscle line the lateral abdominal wall

A

3

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2
Q

Which is the muscle that spans the anterior abdominal wall

A

Rectus abdominis

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3
Q

What are the three muscles that line the lateral wall of the abdomen called

A

External obliques
Internal obliques
Transverse obliques

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4
Q

What is the central band of fibrous tissue which runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Linea alba

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5
Q

The nerves that supply the anterior wall muscles are provided by which set of sucessive thoracic vertebrae

A

T8 –> L3

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6
Q

What is the name given to the white fibrous sheet covering the rectus abdomini

A

Aponeurosis of the external abdominal obliques

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7
Q

3 parts of the small intestine - proximal to distal

A

duodenum
jejunum
Ileum

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8
Q

The __________ forms a c-shaped loop

A

Duodenum

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9
Q

Parts of the large intestine start at the ileo-caecal valve

A 
Caecum
Ascending colon
hepatic flexure
Transverse colon
Splenic flexure 
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
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10
Q

What are the three branches of the abdominal aorta which supply the gut

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

What part of the gut does the coeliac trunk supply

A

The foregut

Up to the halway point of the duodenum

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12
Q

What part of the gut does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

The midgut

From halfway along the duodenum to 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon

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13
Q

What part of the gut does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

The hind gut

From 2/3 of the way across the transverse colon to the rectum

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14
Q

What are the three salivary glands

A

Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Sub mandibular gland

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15
Q

Where is the hepatic flexure located

A

In the right hypochondriac region

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16
Q

Where is the splenic flexure located

A

In the left hypochondriac region

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17
Q

What type of pleura lines organs

A

Visceral

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18
Q

How can you remember visceral pleura lines organs

A

Organs are viscera

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19
Q

What type of pleura doesnt line the organs

A

Parietal

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20
Q

What type of pleura lines the ribcage

A

Parietal

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21
Q

What type of pleura lines the lungs

A

Visceral as the lungs are viscera (organs)

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22
Q

Recall the abdominal sandwich of layers

A 
Skin
Facia 
External oblique 
[[Rectus abdominis]]
Internal obliques
Transveralis Facia
Peritoneum
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23
Q

Which way do the external obliques run

A

Medially

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24
Q

Which way do the internal obliques run

A

Laterally (away from the midline)

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25
The rectus abdominis run from the X to the X
Xiphoid process to the pubic crest
26
What is the white fibrous line running up the centre of the anterior abdominal wall called
Linea albea
27
What can be said about the rectus abdominis at their superior border and at their inferior border
Broad at the superior | Focus down at the inferior
28
What are the abdominal muscles important for
Resp, coughing and sneezing Mictriction (urination), defecation and childbirth Lifting of heavy objects
29
Where would a surgeon cut during abdominal surgery
As close to the midline without cutting the midline
30
Why would a surgeon not cut down the midline
Linea alba is fibrous - poor blood supply so wouldnt heal very well
31
Why would a surgeon not cut to the side of the rectus abdominis
Would sever the nerve innervation of the rectus abdominis
32
Top right region of the abdomen
Right hypochondriac
33
Top left region of the abdomen
Left hypochondriac
34
Middle top region of the abdomen
Epigastric
35
Middle right region of the abdomen
Right lumbar
36
Middle left region of the abdomen
Left lumbar
37
Middle central region of the abdomen
Umbilical
38
Bottom right region of the abdomen
Right iliac fossa
39
Bottom left region of the abdomen
Left iliac fossa
40
Bottom middle region of the abdomen
Hypogastric region
41
What are the two vertical lines which divide the abdomen, from where do they originate
Mid clavicular | Originate 1/2 way along the clavical
42
What is the superior horizontal line that divides the abdomen
Trans-pyloric plane
43
What is the level of the transpyloric plane
L1
44
What is the level of the pylorus
L1
45
What is the inferior horizontal line that divides the abdoment
Trans-tuberucular plane
46
What is the level of the transtubercular plane
L5
47
Where does the diaphrgam meet the transpyloric line
The 9th costal cartilage
48
What is in the right hypochondrium
``` Small intesting Right kidney Gall bladder Liver Hepatic flexure (large intestine) ```
49
What is in the left hypochondrium
``` Pancreas Splenic flexure Left kidney Colon Spleen ```
50
What is the the epigastric region
``` Liver Stomach Adrenal glands Pancrease Duodenum ```
51
What is in the right lumbar region
Aascending colon Gall bladder Liver
52
What is in the umbilical region
Duodenum Ileum Jeejunum Umbilicus
53
What is in the left lumbar region
Left kidney | Descending colon
54
What is in the right iliac fossa
Cecum | Appendix
55
What is in the left iliac fossa
Sigmoid colon | Descending colon
56
What is in the hypogastric region
Female repro organs Sigmoid colon Urinary bladder
57
Shape of the duodenum
C shaped
58
Which part of the SI is ulcer prone, why?
Duodenum | Blood supply
59
Are there pilcae circualris in the duodenum
Yes at the distal end
60
Are there pilcae circualris in the jeunum
Yes throughout
61
Are there pilcae circualris in the ileum
Yes at proximal end
62
Apart from the pilcae circualris what else can distinguis the jejunum
Rich blood supply so more pink apperance
63
What two things are found in the ileum
Merckels diverticulum | Payers patches
64
What are payers patches
Unencapsulated lymphoid nodules - that contain a large number of lymphocytes because lots of bacteria in the ileum
65
What is merckles diverticulum
Congenital (born at birth) 2% Left over of the umbilical chord
66
Ways in which large intestine can be distinguished from the small
Fatty tags - appendicies epiploica | Teneai coli - raised bands of the smooth muscle - causes the formation of Haustrations
67
What are the fatty tags called
Appendicies epploica
68
Where does the abdominal aorta start
At the abdominal hiatus
69
What level does the abdominal hiatus lie
T12
70
What level does the abdominal aorta start
T12
71
Where does the abdominal aorta end
L4 when it bifurcates
72
What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into
Left and right iliac arteries
73
How many anterior branches of the aorta are there which supply the gut
3
74
What is the most superior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
The celiac trunk
75
What is the middle anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
The superior mesenteric artery
76
What is the most inferior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
the inferior mesenteric artery
77
Celiac trunk branches off at what level
Superior border of L1 // Inferior border of T12
78
Superior mesenteric artery branches off at what level
Inferior border of L1
79
Inferior mesenteric artery branches off at what level
Inferior border of L3
80
What does the celiac axis supply
The foregut - everything up until halfway along the duodenum
81
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply
The mid gut - from halfway along the duodenum to 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon
82
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply
The hind gut - from 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon to the rectum
83
What accsssory organs does the celiac axis supply
Pancreas, spleen, liver and the gall bladder
84
3 branches of the celiac artery
Left gastric Splenic Common hepatic
85
What is the major duodenal papilla, what does it mark
Where the bile duct meets the duodenum, halfway along the duodenum
86
What are the four branches of the superior mesenteric artery
Jejunal illeal Ileocolic Right colic Middle colic
87
What is significant about the jejunal illeal branch
Many branches here, branches form arcades and connect wit the surface of the tract through vasa recta
88
Where is the ileocolic branch
Most distal (last branch off)
89
Where is the right colic branch off the superior mesenteric
2nd branch off
90
Where is the middle collic branch
1st branch off
91
What are the vasa recta
Vessels that run straight to the surface of the intestine
92
3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
Left colic Sigmoid Superior rectal
93
Describe the peritoneum
A serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and viscera
94
VISCERAL OR PARIETAL --- lines the organs
Visceral
95
VISCERAL OR PARIETAL --- lines the abdominal wall
Parietal
96
What is the space between the peritoneum
Pertitoneal cavity
97
The doubling up of the peritoneum form
Omenta
98
Peritoneum which attaches organs to the posterior wall is called
Mesentary
99
A retroperitoneal organ is
Behind the peritoneum | Only one surface is covered
100
At intraperitoneal organ is
Almost fully covered by visceral peritoneum
101
What is the lesser omentum
The peritoneum which joins the porta hepatis of the liver to the lesser cruvature of the stomach
102
What is the greater omentum
The peritoneum which joins the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
103
Where is the lesser sac
Behind the stomach and the liver
104
Where is the greater sac
Most of the cavity from the diaphrgam all the way down to the pelvic cavity
105
Party down with AC/DC old records means what?
``` Pacrease Duodenum Asc. colon Des. colon Oesophagus Rectum ``` Are all retroperitoneal structures and have one surface covered - mostly lying behind the peritoneum

BMS246 Anatomy (7 decks)

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