Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Block 2 > Week 2/Lab 2 > Flashcards

Week 2/Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Areas of the stomach

A
  • 2 surfaces/walls(anterior and posterior)
  • 2 borders(lesser and greater curvature)
  • angular notch
  • 2 orifices(cardial and pyloric)
  • cardial notch
  • pyloric sphincter
  • cardia
  • fundus(full of gas)
  • body
  • pyloric part
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Difference between orifice and sphincter

A

orifice: opening
Sphincter: smooth muscle to control opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stomach function: storage

A

Rugae

-wrinkly layer due to muscularis mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stomach function: mixing

A

A semifluid mixture of partly digested food with water and gastric juice to produce CHYME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stomach function: physical breakdown

A
  • smooth muscle of muscularis externa and HCL

- peristalsis and churning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stomach function: chemical breakdown

A

via Pepsin

-breaks down proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stomach function: controlled release

A

-movement of chyme into the small intestine is regulated by a valve at the end of the stomach(pyloric sphincter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name gastric glands from superficial to deep

A
  • mucous surface cells
  • mucous neck cells
  • parietal cells
  • chief cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gastric pits

A
  • inner layer of mucosa

- penetrate deep into the layer forming ducts whose walls are lined with gastric glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mucous surface cells

A
  • secrete mucous

- protect lining of stomach from HCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mucous neck cells

A
  • secrete mucous
  • lines upper walls of ducts
  • protect lining of stomach from HCL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parietal(oxyntic) cells

A
  • secrete HCL(activates pepsinogen for pepsin)

- Secretes intrinsic factor(helps small intestine with with absorption of vitamin B12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chief(zymogenic) cells

A
  • secrete pepsinogen for pepsin

- secrete gastric lipase(enzyme to breakdown fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

-secrete various hormones that diffuse into nearby blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gastrin

A
  • enteroendocrine cell
  • stimulates other glands in the stomach to increase their output
  • puts the fire under them
  • g cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abdominal aorta

A
  • name change at the aortic hiatus
  • ends by dividing into Left and Right common iliac arteries(around L4)
  • Paired and unpaired branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Unpaired branches of abdominal aorta

A
  • come off the anterior surface of the aorta
  • celiac trunk
  • superior and inferior mesenteric artery
  • mediaN sacral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Paired branches of abdominal aorta

A
  • come off lateral side of aorta
  • inferior phrenic arteries
  • middle suprarenal arteries
  • renal arteries
  • Gonadal arteries(ovaries for F and testicular for M)
  • Lumbar arteries(4 pairs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Celiac trunk

A

-unpaired branch
-central hub for…
Left gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Left gastric artery

A
  • smallest branch of celiac trunk
  • supplies esophagus and stomach
  • anastomoses with right gastric artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Splenic artery

A
  • largest branch of celiac trunk
  • wavy
  • relationship to splenorenal ligament
  • supplies to pancreas, stomach, greater somentum and spleen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Common heptaic artery

A
  • branches to the right off of the celiac trunk

- divides into proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Proper hepatic artery

A
  • branches off common hepatic artery
  • divides into left and right hepatic artery
  • branches inferiorly into right gastric artery
24
Q

Right hepatic artery

A

-supplies gallbladder via cystic artery

25
Right Gastric artery
- branches off proper hepatic artery - anastomoses with left gastric artery - travels lesser curvature to meet L gastric
26
Gastroduodenal artery
- supplies to pancreas, stomach, greater omentum, and duodenum - branches hella for vessels that travel greater curvature
27
Areas of the liver
- 2 surfaces(diaphragmatic-smooth, and visceral-concavities for organs) - inferior border(gallbladder pops out) - porta hepatis/hilum(entry way into the liver) - 4 lobes
28
Porta hepatis/ hilum
-contains left and right hepatic ducts, branches of proper hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
29
Lobes of liver
- right - left - cuadate(superior, towards the head) - quadrate(inferior on right side) - functionally and physically split - functional H line of coronary ligament, IVC, and hilum
30
formation of Hepatic portal vein
- superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein fuse - inferior mesenteric vein drains into splenic vein - left and right gastric vein and cystic vein also drain into hepatic portal vein - lower 1/3 esophagus to upper 1/2 of anal canal and all unpaired organs except liver drain here
31
Superior mesenteric vein drainage
-drains blood from stomach, large intestine, and small intestine
32
Splenic vein drainage
-drains blood from stomach, spleen and pancreas
33
Inferior mesenteric vein drainage
-drains blood from large intestines and rectum
34
Left and right gastric vein drainage
-drains blood from stomach
35
Cystic vein drainage
-drains blood from gall bladder
36
Blood circulation of the liver
-blood enters INFERIOR surface of the liver through hepatic portal vein and proper hepatic vein HPV- deoxygenated blood, nutrient rich, contributes 70% of blood PHA-delivers oxygenated blood, nutrient poor, contributes 30% of blood
37
Sinusoids
- HPV and PHA divide into smaller and smaller branches until the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the liver - capillaries that have holes that allow blood to run through - specific cells for each tissue
38
Kupffer's cells
- in sinusoids of the liver - "stellate reticuloendothelial cells" - phagocytic cells that remove bacteria and other debris from blood
39
Blood circulation out of the liver
-after blood is processed in sinusoids in liver, blood flows into HEPATIC VEINS and empties into IVC
40
Inferior vena cava
- returns blood from lower half of the body to the heart - formed by union of 2 common iliac veins - pierces the diaphragm at T8 and almost immediately terminates into the lower part of the right atrium(doesn't have hiatus cause actually pierces central tendon)
41
Things that pierce the diahragm
- IVC:T8 - Esophagus: T10(hiatus) - Aorta:T12(hiatus)
42
Bile
- PRODUCED by the liver - digestive and excretory function - released to duodenum to emulsify fat for more rapid breakdown - STORED in gall bladder - yellow/brown/green - Alkaline to dilute HCL(7.5-8.5 pH)
43
Bile consists of
- bile salts - bile pigments - phospholipids - cholesterol - ions
44
Bilirubin
- primary bile pigment - broken down in intestine - some of it is lost in feces, but much is reabsorbed by small intestine - returned to liver via HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
45
Jaundice
- yellow coloration of SCLERA OF THE EYE, skin, and mucous membrane - build up of bilirubin
46
Prehepatic jaundice
- excess production of bilirubin | - before liver
47
Hepatic jaundice
- due to congenital liver diseases | - cirrhosis of the liver of hepatitis
48
Extrahepatic jaundice
- blockage of bile drainage by gallstones or cancer of bowel/pancreas - cystic duct is blocked
49
Neonatal(physiological) jaundice
- newborn poorly functioning liver for the first week of living - real common - expose baby to blue light to convert bilirubin into substrate kidney can excrete
50
Hepatocytes
- liver cells | - produce bile
51
Common hepatic duct
-formed by left and right hepatic duct
52
Common bile duct
-common hepatic duct and cystic duct
53
Areas of the gall bladder
- fundus: anterior, rounded end - Body: middle part - neck: narrow and tapered, becomes continuous with cystic duct
54
Areas of Spleen
- 2 surfaces(diaphragmatic and visceral) - 2 borders/margins(superior: indentions from ribs and inferior:smooth) - 2 poles/extremities: anterior and posterior - hilum of spleen
55
Hilum of spleen
-among various vessels, splenic artery and vein are most significant Splenic artery: supplies blood to spleen Splenic vein: joins superior mesenteric vein to form hepatic portal vein

Anatomy Block 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions