Week 2 - Neuro Anatomy Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
hyoid bone
A
thin bone, superior to thyroid cartilage
2
Q
thyroid cartilage
A
larger cartilage, Adam’s apple, between hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage
3
Q
cricoid cartilage
A
thinner cartilage, inferior to thyroid cartilage
4
Q
thyrohyoid membrane
A
between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
5
Q
cricothryoid membrane
A
between thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
6
Q
jugular notch
A
notch on superior edge of manubrium, where sternocleidomastoid attaches
7
Q
platysma muscle
A
in superficial fascia, mandible to clavicle, cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
8
Q
investing layer of cervical fascia
A
deep to platysma, encircles neck, encases sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
9
Q
sternocleidomastoid muscle
A
medial clavicle to mastoid (two heads on clavicle), left side turns head right and vice versa, accessory nerve CN XI
10
Q
posterior triangle of neck
A
post - trapezius, ant - sternocleidomastoid, infer - clavicle
11
Q
anterior triangle of neck
A
post - sternocleidomastoid, ant - midline, sup - mandible
12
Q
superficial veins of neck
A
external jugular vein, anterior jugular vein, retromandibular vein
13
Q
cervical plexus
A
cutaneous sensory nerves, cervical nerves 2 / 3 / 4, posterior to sternocleidomastoid, branches - lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular
14
Q
accessory nerve CN XI
A
deep to sternocleidomastoid, supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
15
Q
strap muscles
A
sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
16
Q
sternohyoid muscle
A
sternum to hyoid, ansa cervicalis (motor branch of cervical plexus)
17
Q
omohyoid muscle
A
hyoid to scapula, two bellies connected by intermediate tendon, ansa cervicalis (motor branch of cervical plexus)
18
Q
sternothyroid muscle
A
sternum to thyroid cartilage, ansa cervicalis (motor branch of cervical plexus)
19
Q
thyrohyoid muscle
A
thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone, ansa cervicalis (motor branch of cervical plexus)
20
Q
ansa cervicalis nerve
A
motor branch of cervical plexus (cervical nerves 1 / 2 / 3), loops anterior to carotid sheath
21
Q
carotid sheath
A
internal jugular vein, carotid artery, vagus nerve
22
Q
external carotid artery
A
branch anteriorly off common carotid artery, near mandible, branches in neck
23
Q
internal carotid artery
A
branch posteriorly off common carotid artery, near mandible, branches in cranial cavity
24
Q
right common carotid artery
A
branch superiorly off brachiocephalic trunk
25
left common carotid artery
second branch superiorly off aortic arch
26
internal jugular vein
into subclavian vein
27
vagus nerve
large nerve, in carotid sheath, posterior to carotid artery, laryngeal nerves branches
28
bifercation of common carotid into internal / external carotid arteries
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) sensory to carotid sinus (pressure receptor) and carotid body (chemoreceptor)
29
lymphnodes
jugulodigastric node and deep cervical nodes (around internal jugular vein)
30
superior thyroid artery
first branch of external carotid going toward mandible, to superior thyroid gland
31
superior laryngeal artery
branch of superior thyroid artery, pierces thyrohyoid membrane to supply larynges
32
lingual artery
second branch of external carotid going toward mandible, supplies tongue
33
facial artery
third branch of carotid going toward mandible, supplies face, anastamoses with ophthalmic artery
34
superior laryngeal nerve
comes anteriorly from deep to carotid artery, branch of vagus nerve, internal branch supplies larynx superior to vocal cords, external branch supplies inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricothyroid muscles
35
internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
branch of superior laryngeal nerve -> branchof vagus nerve, supplies larynx above vocal cords
36
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
branch of superior laryngeal nerve -> branch of vagus nerve, supplies pharyngeal constrictor and cricothyroid muscles
37
sympathetic trunk
deep to carotid sheath, middle and superior cervical ganglia connected to spinal nerves by grey rami
38
grey rami
preganglionic axons from spinal nerves to synapse with postganglionic cells in cervical sympathetic ganglia, postganglionic axons follow internal carotid into cranial cavity
39
prevertebral (retropharyngeal) space
between prevertebral and alar / buccopharyngeal fascia, deep to esophagus, infections in pharynx can spread to CNS via prevertebral space
40
cricothyroid ligament
cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage, location of cricothyrotomy / tracheotomy to relieve acute respiratory obstruction
41
thymus gland
deep to manubrium, two lobes, derived from 3rd pharyngeal pouch, lymphocyte precursor cells -> circulating T-lymphocytes, decreases with age
42
right and left brachiocephalic veins
formed by union of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein, join to form the superior vena cava
43
superior vena cava
formed by union of right and left brachiocephalic veins, dumps into right atrium
44
brachiocephalic trunk / artery
right side only, first branch of aortic arch, gives rise to right common carotid and right subclavian artery
45
left common carotid artery
second branch off aortic arch
46
left subclavian artery
third branch off aortic arch
47
thoracic duct
on left, anterior to vertebral artery and anterior scalene, lymphatic drainage into left subclavian vein near left internal jugular vein
48
phrenic nerve
anterior surface of anterior scalene muscle, lateral to carotid sheath, cervical nerves 3 / 4 / 5, diaphragm
49
anterior scalene muscle
anterior to subclavian artery and brachial plexus, cervical vertebra to first rib, supplied by cervical nerves 3 / 4 / 5 / 6, subclavian vein passes anterior
50
middle scalene
posterior to subclavian artery and brachial plexus, cervical vertebra to first rib, cervical nerves 3 / 4 / 5 / 6
51
subclavian artery
right - branch of brachiocephalic artery, left - branch of aortic arch, passes between clavicle and first rib
52
internal thoracic artery
only inferior branch of subclavian artery, supplies lateral sternum in thoracic cavity
53
vertebral artery
first superior branch of subclavian artery, supplies cranial cavity via foramen magnum
54
thyrocervical trunk
second superior branch of subclavian artery, gives rise to inferior thyroid (medial), transverse cervical, suprascapular (lateral)
55
branches of thyrocervical trunk from medial to lateral
inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery
56
inferior thyroid artery
most medial branch of thyrocervical trunk, supplies inferior thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
57
transverse cervical artery
middle branch of thyrocervical trunk, supplies trapezius with accessory nerve
58
suprascapular artery
most lateral branch of thyrocervical trunk, supplies suprascapularis and infrascapularis muscles, anastamoses with circumflex scapular artery, travels with suprascapular nerve
59
thyroid gland
around trachea, inferior to thyroid cartilage, develops from floor of mouth, isthmus between tracheal rings 2 and 4
60
esophagus
muscular tube posterior to trachea
61
parathryoid glands
posterior surface of thyroid gland superior from 4th pharyngeal pouch, inferior from 3rd pharyngeal pouch
62
recurrent laryngeal nerve
posterior and medial to thyroid gland (can be injured during thyroid surgery), branch of vagus nerve, supplies intrinsic muscles of larynx, loops under aortic arch on left and subclavian artery on right
63
submandibular gland
below mandible at angle, submandibular duct at posterior margin of mylohyoid
64
mylohyoid muscle
runs laterally under chin from mandible to midline raphe, floor of mouth, from 1st pharyngeal arch, mylohyoid nerve of CN V3 (mandibular trigeminal)
65
anterior belly digastric muscle
superficial to mylohyoid, inside of chin to hyoid bone (connected by fibrous loop), attached to posterior belly by tendon, innervated by V3 (mandibular trigeminal)
66
hypoglossal nerve CN XII
lateral to external carotid, enters oral cavity behind mylohyoid, motor to tongue
67
oculomotor nerve CN III
enters orbit in middle, of nerves, supplies superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superiois, parasympathetic to ciliary muscle and constrictor of pupil
68
nasociliary nerve
medial branch of ophthalamic nerve V1, deep to levator palpebrae and superior rectus, sensory to eyeball, ethmoid sinus / nasal cavity / skin of dorsal nose
69
periorbita
periosteal layer that lines orbit
70
frontal nerve
middle branch of ophthalamic nerve V1, divides into supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve, sensory
71
supraorbital nerve
through supraorbital foramen, lateral branch of frontal nerve - branch of ophthalamic nerve V1
72
three branches of ophthalamic nerve
lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, nasociliary nerve
73
supratrochlear nerve
medial branch of frontal nerve - branch of ophthalamic nerve V1, sensory
74
lacrimal nerve
lateral branch of ophthalamic nerve V1, sensory to upper eyelid and adjacent forehead
75
lacrimal gland
lateral in superior orbit
76
levator palpebrae superioris muscle
anular ring to upper eyelid, elevated eyelid, CN III - oculomotor
77
superior rectus muscle
anular ring to anterior superior eyeball, turns eye upward, CN III - oculomotor
78
superior oblique muscle
anular ring to tendon in medial orbit to superior posterior lateral eyeball, turns eye medially and downward, CN IV trochlear, passes under superior rectus
79
medial rectus muscle
anular ring to anterior medial eyeball, turns eye medially, CN III oculomotor
80
lateral rectus muscle
anular ring to anterior lateral eyeball, turns eye outward laterally, CN VI abducens
81
inferior rectus muscle
anular ring to anterior inferior eyeball, turns eye downward, CN III oculomotor
82
inferior oblique muscle
medial orbital floor to posteriolateral inferior eyeball, turns eye upward and medial, CN III oculomotor, passes over inferior rectus
83
anterior ethmoidal nerve
branch of nasociliary to ethmoid sinus / nasal cavity, sensory, medial in orbit, V1 origin
84
posterior ethmoidal nerve
branch of nasociliary nerve to ethmoid sinus / nasal cavity, sensory, medial in orbit, V1 origin
85
long ciliary nerve
branches of nasociliary nerve to eyeball, sensory, V1 origin, does not pass through ciliary ganglion
86
ophthalmic artery
branch of internal carotid, through optic canal, supplies all structures in orbit, associated with nasociliary nerve
87
trochlear nerve CN IV
thin, supplies superior oblique medial in orbit / canal, passes through superior orbital fissure, if damaged can't turn eye down and medially
88
abducens nerve CN VI
lateral in orbit, supplies lateral rectus, passes through superior orbital fissure, if damaged can't turn eye out
89
optic nerve CN II
optic canal, to lateral geniculate nucleus in diencephalon, nerve cell bodies in retina
90
ciliary ganglion
on superior surface of optic nerve, postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of oculomotor nerve to ciliary muscle and constrictor of pupil
91
short ciliary nerve
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from ciliary ganglion to ciliary muscle and constrictor of pupil (smooth muscle), also contains sensory from CN V to eyeball
92
orbital septum
connective tissue between inferiortarsal / superiortarsal plates and periorbita
93
medial and lateral palpebral ligaments
support upper and lower eyelids, connect tarsal plates to bone at lateral and medial corners of the eye
