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Neuro Anatomy > Week 3 - Neuro Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 3 - Neuro Anatomy Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

A

exits skull via jugular foramen, supplies motor to stylopharyngeus and sensory to pharyngeal wall - afferent part of gag reflex

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2
Q

vagus nerve CN X

A

exists skull via jugular foramen, motor to pharyngeal muscles (except stylopheryngeus) and motor to larynx - also preganglionic GVE and sensory GVA to thoracic and abdominal viscera

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3
Q

hypoglossal nerve CN XII

A

exits skull via hypoglossal canal, supplies motor to muscles of the tongue (glossal muscles)

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4
Q

sympathetic trunk

A

pre-ganglionic to superior cervical ganglion

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5
Q

superior cervical ganglion

A

post-ganglionic fibers alongside the internal carotid artery into skull

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6
Q

pharyngeal plexus

A

branches of CN IX and X on posterior side of pharynx

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7
Q

accessory nerve CN XI

A

exists skull via jugular foramen, supplies motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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8
Q

internal jugular veins

A

exits skull via jugular foramen

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9
Q

internal carotid artery

A

enters skull via foramen spinosum

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10
Q

gag reflex

A

afferent limb - CN IX (glossopharyngeal), efferent limb - CN X (vagus), can suck things like forks down throat

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11
Q

3 pharyngeal constrictors

A

superior / middle / inferior pharyngeal constrictor, motor supply from vagus nerve CN X, one inside the other going down, insert on midline median raphe, cricopharyngeal is most inferior portion of constrictors

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12
Q

superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

origin mandible and medial pterygoid plate and pterygomandibular raphe, continuous with buccinator anteriorly, vagus nerve

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13
Q

middle pharyngeal constrictor

A

origin on hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament, vagus nerve

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14
Q

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A

origin thyroid and cricoid cartilage, vagus nerve, cricopharyngeus is most inferior part

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15
Q

stylopharyngeus muscle

A

origin styloid process, between superior and middle pharyngeus constrictors, inserts into pharyngeal wall, motor from glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

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16
Q

pharynx

A

open space deep to nasal and oral cavities and larynx

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17
Q

nasopharynx

A

deep to nasal cavity, base of brain to soft palate

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18
Q

oropharynx

A

deep to oral cavity, soft palate to opening of larynx

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19
Q

laryngopharynx

A

deep to larynx, opening of larynx to start of esophagus

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20
Q

piriform fossa

A

in laryngopharynx, lateral to cricoid cartilage, medial to thyroid cartilage, internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve perforates thyrohyoid membrane and innervates laryngeal mucosa

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21
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

superior horns are lateral to piriform fossa

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22
Q

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

A

branch of vagus, pierces thyrohyoid membrane, enters piriform fossa, supplies laryngeal mucosa above vocal cords

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23
Q

thyrohyoid membrane

A

membrane from thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone, pierced by internal branch of laryngeal nerve as it enters the piriform fossa

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24
Q

pharyngeal recess

A

most superior part of nasopharynx, location of pharyngeal tonsils (in young people, get smaller with age)

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25
pharyngeal tonsil
in pharyngeal recess, continues to auditory opening, in young people, get smaller with age, AKA adenoid tonsils
26
auditory tube
opens into nasopharynx, connects to middle ear
27
tubal elevation (Torus tubarius)
cartilage superior to auditory tube and the salpingopharyngeus muscle
28
salpingopharyngeal fold
vertical ridge continuous with tubal elevation, in nasopharynx, mucosal fold over salpingopharyngeus msucle
29
salpingopharyngeal muscle
beneath salpingopharyngeal fold, supplied by vagus nerve
30
levator veli palatini
origin cartilage of auditory tube to insert on soft palate, elevates palate during swallowing, supplied by vagus nerve
31
tensor veli palatini
origin from pterygoid fossa and cartilage of auditory tube, tendon wraps around medial pterygoid plate (hamate process) and inserts on soft palate, tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube, supplied by mandibular division of trigeminal nerve V3
32
palatoglossal fold
form palatoglossal arch, soft palate to tongue
33
palatoglossal muscle
create palatoglossal fold, vagal branches of pharyngeal plexus
34
palatopharyngeal fold
makes palatopharyngeal arch, soft palate to lateral pharynx
35
palatopharyngeal muscle
creates palatopharyngeal fold, vagal branch of pharyngeal plexus
36
palatine tonsils
between palatoglossal fold and palatopharyngeal fold
37
recurrent laryngeal nerve
branch of vagus that supplies below larynx, loops under right subclavian and left aortic arch
38
nasal bone
small, at bridge of nose
39
ethmoid bone
contains cribriform plate and ethmoid sinus, between frontal and sphenoid bones, forms upper portion of boney nasal septum
40
sphenoid bone
posterior to ethmoid bone, contains sphenoid sinus
41
frontal bone
between nasal and ethmoid bones, contains frontal sinus
42
vomer bone
forms lower portions of bony nasal septum, sits on top of maxilla and palatine bones
43
maxilla bone
forms ant hard palate in mouth
44
palatine bone
forms post hard palate in mouth
45
chona (sing), choanae (pl)
posterior nasal apertures, space between vomer and sphenoid that opens into nasopharynx
46
nasal concha (sing), conchae (pl)
superior and middle are ethmoid bone, inferior is its own bone
47
meatuses (pl), meatus (sing)
superior, middle, and inferior, passage way beneath overhaning conchae
48
sphenoethmoidal recess
hole between sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity, near superior nasal conchae on posterior wall of nasal cavity
49
sphenoid sinus
inside sphenoid bone
50
ethmoid bulla
bulge below middle nasal conchae
51
sphenopalatine foramen
hole at superior junction of sphenoid and palatine bones, sphelopalatine artery passes through - branch of maxillary artery
52
maxillary sinus
lateral to nasal cavity in the maxilla, outlet is upward and must be emptied by ciliary action, outlet is larger and in posterior part of curved hiatus semilunaris under middle nasal concha
53
hiatus semilunaris
curved indentation along anterior inferior edge of ethmoid bulla, leads up to frontonasal duct
54
frontonasal duct
connect frontal sinus and nasal cavity, empties into hiatus semilunaris
55
frontal sinus
in frontal bone
56
ethmoid sinus
in ethmoid bone, immediately superior to the roof of the nasal cavity, empty into the nasal cavity roof via small holes
57
nasolacrimal duct
from nasolacrimal fossa to inferior meatus below inferior concha, small anterior opening - canaliculi -> nasolacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> nasal cavity
58
pterygomaxillary fissure
wedge shaped opening between maxilla and lateral ptyergoid plate of sphenoid bone, bridged by zygomatic bone
59
pterygopalatine fossa
medial end of pterygomaxillary fissure
60
sphelopalatine foramen
medial to end of pterygopalatine fossa, transmits the sphenopalatine artery (a branch of the maxillary artery) into the nasal cavity
61
pterygopalatine ganglion
medial part of pterygomaxillary fissure, branches upward to V2 and descending branches (greater and lesser palatine nerves), fibers from CN VII via nerve of the pterygoid canal (pre-gang parasympathetics, post-gang sympathetics), destributed in sensory branches of V2 - parasympathetic fibers go to glands of the nasal mucosa and the lacrimal gland
62
greater and lesser palatine nerves
descending branches off pterygopalatine ganglion, greater supplies the hard palate, lesser supplies the soft palate - includes parasympathetic innervation to palatine glands
63
greater and lesser palatine vessels
branches of the descending palatine artery, greater supplies hard palate, lesser supplies soft palate
64
greater and lesser palatine foramen
holes at posterior lateral hard palate,
65
greater palatine canal
connects pterygopalatine fossa with greater palatine foramen in mouth, contains the greater and lesser palatine nerves and the descending palatine artery
66
innervation to most of nasal and palate
sensory branches of CN V2
67
innervation of anterior nasal cavity
ethmoidal branches of the nasociliary nerve that is a branch of CN V1
68
nasopalatine nerve
sensory branch of the CN V2 runs along nasal septum, through incisive canal, innervates anterior roof of mouth
69
palatoglossal arch
from palate to tongue, formed by palatoglossal fold and underlying palatoglossus muscle - first seen when looking in mouth
70
palatoglossal fold
forms palatoglossal arch, underlying palatoglossus muscle
71
palatopharyngeal arch
from palate to pharynx, formed from palatopharyngeal fold, underlying palatopharyngeus muscle - second seen when looking in the mouth
72
palatopharyngeal fold
forms palatopharyngeal arch, underlying palatopharyngeus muscle
73
palatine tonsil
between palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch
74
sublingual gland
in the sublingual fold under the tongue, multiple ducts through mucosa into oral cavity
75
frenulum of the tongue
fold of mucosa that extends from floor of mouth to ventral tongue
76
submandibular duct
openings into oral cavity at the sublingual caruncle on either side of the frenulum - duct runs on dorsal surface of mylohyoid muscle and submandibular gland is mostly on ventral surface of mylohyoid muscle
77
lingual nerve
branch of V3, passes beneath submandibular duct, supplies sensation to ant 2/3 tongue and mucosa, carries preganglionic fibers from chorda typmani (CN VIII), superficial to hypoglossus
78
submandibular ganglion
attached to lingual nerve, pregang fibers from CN VII via chorda tympani to lingual nerve, postgang to submandibular gland and back to lingual nerve to sublingual glands - parasympathetic
79
hypoglossal nerve CN XII
passes across lateral surface of hypoglossus muscle and deep to mylohyoid muscle, supplies motor to tongue
80
hypoglossus muscle
origin on hyoid and insertion on tongue, hypoglossal nerve, interdigitates with intrinsic tongue muscles
81
anterior belly of the digastric
superficial to mylohyoid, from to mental spines to mastoid, from 1st pharyngeal arch, mylohyoid nerve - branch of inferior alveolar nerve - branch of V3
82
mylohyoid muscle
deep to anterior belly of the digastric, from mandible to midline, from 1st pharyngeal arch, mylohyoid nerve - branch of inferior alvolar nerve - branch of V3
83
genioglossus muscle
in floor of mouth, from mental spines to tongue, hypoglossal nerve, protrudes tongue, fans vertically as three muscles on each side of midline
84
geniohyoid muscle
from mental spines to hyoid bone, innervated by C1 that accompanies the hypoglossal nerve, superficial to genioglossus and deep to mylohyoid
85
lingual artery
deep to hypoglossus muscle, supplies the tongue
86
styloglossus muscle
origin styloid process, insertion in tongue, hypoglossal nerve
87
glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
enters oropharynx passing inferior to superior pharyngeal constrictor, motor to stylopharyngeus muscle, general sensory and special sensory taste to post 1/3 tongue, sensory to tonsillar fossa
88
median glossoepiglottic fold
vertical fold superior to the median hyoid, made of epiglottis
89
lateral glossoepiglottic folds
lateral folds superior to the hyoid, made of epiglottis
90
epiglottic valleculae
bilateral indentation in hyoepiglottic ligament between hyoid and epiglottis - place where cancer hides
91
epiglottis
superior paddle-shaped extension of thyroid cartilage, covers trachea when swallowing
92
thyroid cartilage
larger cartilage between cricoid cartilage and hyoid bone
93
cricoid cartilage
thinner cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage
94
arytenoid cartilage
superior edge of cricoid lamina, has muscular process laterally and vocal process anteriorly
95
aryepiglottic folds
fold between epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage
96
piriform fossa
fossa inside trachea between thryoid cartilage (laterally) and cricoid lamina (medially), internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (vagus)
97
vestibular folds
false vocal cords, superior to true vocal cords
98
vocal folds
true vocal cords, inferior to vestibular folds
99
ventricle
space between vestibular folds and vocal folds
100
vestibule
space from aryepiglottic fold to vestibular folds
101
infraglottic region
space from vocal folds to bottom of circoid cartilage
102
rima glottidis
space between vocal folds, narrowed during phonation
103
glottis
vocal folds and rima glottidis
104
vocal ligament
extends anteriorly from arytenoid cartilage to posterior thyroid lamina
105
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
abducts the rima glottidis, origin - posterior cricoid lamina, insertion - muscular processes of arytenoid cartilage, contraction swings vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage laterally, nerve - recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus)
106
recurrent laryngeal nerve
branch of vagus, supplies all muscles of the larynx, runs superiorly alonf trachea and dives deep behind pharyngeal constrictors

Neuro Anatomy (3 decks)

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