Week 2 - Pleural Effusion/Pulmonary Edema Flashcards Preview

NURS 3512 - Class 1-6 > Week 2 - Pleural Effusion/Pulmonary Edema > Flashcards

Flashcards in Week 2 - Pleural Effusion/Pulmonary Edema Deck (21)
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1
Q

what is pulmonary edema

A
  • abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli & iterstitial space of the lungs
2
Q

how does a pulmonary edema happen

A
  • due to increase hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure causes fluid to leave the capillaries & enter the interstitial space
  • fluid eventually enters the alveoli
3
Q

what is the impact of pulmonary edema

A
  • interferes w gas exchange
4
Q

what is the most common cause of pulmonary edema

A
  • left sided heart hailure
5
Q

what else can cause pulmonary edema (2)

A
  • hypoalbuminemia from liver disease and nephrotic syndrome

- overhydration w IV fluids

6
Q

what are symptoms of pulmonary edema (11) think of how it effects breathing, vitals, etc.

A
  • severe dyspnea
  • cyanosis
  • anxiety
  • fatigue
  • cool, clammy skin
  • increased HR
  • increased RR
  • increased or decreased BP
  • wheezes
  • coughing
  • crackles
  • frothy, blood tinged sputum
7
Q

what is the goal of treatment for pulmonary edema (4)

A
  • improve gas exchange
  • reduce anxiety
  • improve oxygenation
  • remove the fluid
8
Q

what is the treatment for pulmonary edema (4)

A
  • o2
  • if severe, noninvasive ventilatory support or intubation & mechanical ventilation
  • diuretics (ex. lasix)
  • other drugs depending on cause (ex. HF meds)
9
Q

what IV drug can be used to decrease O2 demands, and anxiety

A
  • IV morphine
10
Q

what is a pleural effusion

A
  • collection of excess fluid in the pleural space
11
Q

what causes a pleural effusion (5)

A

side effect of serious diseases such as:

  • increased hydrostatic P in left sided HF
  • hypoalbuminemia in liver & renal disease
  • inflammatory diseases
  • pulmonary malignancies
  • infection
12
Q

what is a empyema

A
  • pleural effusion containing pus
13
Q

what are manifestations of a pleural effusion (5)

A
  • progressive dyspnea
  • decreased movement of chest wall on affect side
  • pleuritic pain from underlying disease
  • dullness to percussion
  • absent or decreased breath sounds over affected area
14
Q

what are manifestations of an empyema (5)

A
  • fever
  • night sweats
  • cough
  • weight loss
    • signs of pleural effusion
15
Q

what is done to determine the type of pleural effusion

A
  • a sample of pleural fluid is obtained via thoracentesis
16
Q

what is a thoracentesis

A
  • a procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space
17
Q

what else is a thoracentesis used to do besides determine cause of pleural effusion

A
  • can remove fluid is the pleural effusion is severe enough to impair breathing
18
Q

how much fluid is removed at a time during a thoracentesis

A

1000-1200 mL

19
Q

what is the main goal of treatment for pleural effusion

A
  • treat the underlying cause

ex. heart failure

20
Q

what is treatment for an empyema

A
  • antibiotics
21
Q

what should you monitor after a thoracentesis to remove fluid (4)

A

rapid removal can result in:

  • hypotension
  • hypoxemia
  • pulmonary edema
  • xray done after to ensure no pneumothorax was caused by perforation