Week 6 - Cholelithiasis/Cholecystitis Flashcards
(44 cards)
what is cholelithiasis
- stones in the gallbladder
what is cholecystitis
- inflammation of the gall bladder
cholecystitis is usually associated w?
- cholelithiasis –> obstruction caused by gallstones or biliary sludge
what factors can increase the risk of gallbladder disease? (5)
- female
- oral contra
- sedentary lifestyle
- familial tendency
- obesity
what are 3 types of gallstones
- cholesterol
- black pigment
- brown pigment
where can the stones be located in cholelithiasis?
- can remain in the gallbladder
- or can migrate to cystic or common bile duct
what happens as gallstones move thru the ducts
- pain
what can gallstones lead to
obstruction
what is the function of the gallbladder
- stores bile created by the liver
- releases the bile into the duodenom via the common bile duct, to help emulsify fats
what ducts play a role in the transport of bile and how (3)
- common hepatic duct = drain bile from liver to gallbladder
- cystic duct = connects the gallbladder to common bile duct
- common bile duct = carries bile from the liver and the gallbladder through the pancreas and into the duodenum
if a gallstone blocks the cystic duct, what happens?
- bile can continue to flow into the duodenom directly from the liver
- however, it cannot escape the gall bladder= stasis of bile = cholecystitis
what happens if gallstones block the common bile duct
= no bile to duodenom
= severe
describe symptoms of gallstones, what determines them?
- range from severe to no symptoms
- severity depends on if they are stationary or mobile, and if there is obstruction
when gallstones are lodged in ducts or moving through the ducts, which symptoms does this cause
- causes spasms –> gallbladder spasms in response to the stone
= spasms causes severe pain called biliary colic
describe biliary colic (3)
- severe pain in R upper quad
- rarely colicky, usually steady
- can be excruciating
biliary colic can be accompanied by? (3)
- tachycardia
- diaphoresis
- prostration
describe how long biliary colic typically lasts and when it usually occurs
- can last up to an hour, tenderness present when subsides
- frequently occur 3-6 hr after a high-fat meal or when pt lies down
what gallstones cause obstruction, what will the pts urine look like (3)
- dark amber
- foams when shaken
- no urobilinogen in urine (not reaching sm. intestine to be converted)
when gallstones cause obstruction, what will the pts bowel movements look like (2)
- steartorrhea
- clay-colored
list other symptoms gallstones cause when they cause obstruction (4)
- obstructive jaundice
- pruritis (deposition of bile salts in skin)
- intolerance of fatty foods
- bleeding tendencies (no bile = cant absorb vitamin k)
what are signs on intolerance to fatty foods (3)
- nausea
- sensation of fullness
- anorexia
what are signs of cholecystitis (7)
- pain & tenderness to RUQ
- indigestion
- NV
- restlessness
- diaphoresis
- inflammation symptoms
- abdominal rigidity
pain in cholecystitis can radiate to? (2)
- right shoulder
- scapula
what manifestations of inflammation may be present in cholecystits (2)
- leukocytosis
- fever
