Week 2 - Questions

Question 1

How does a virus differ from a cell?

Answer 1

Question 2

Why does a virus need a host cell?

Answer 2

Question 3

How do viral genomes differ from cellular ones?

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

pt 2

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

no it is not infectious, only infectious once it has penetrated the cells genome

Question 11

Answer 11

infectious virions

Even though viral RNA can be detectable by PCR for weeks after the symptomatic phase of COVID-19, these individuals are no longer producing infectious virions. PCR tests detect viral RNA fragments, but this does not necessarily indicate the presence of complete, infectious virus particles. Without the production of infectious virions, these people are considered non-infectious.

Question 12

Answer 12

**Non-structural Proteins **- These are produced during viral replication but are not part of the final virion structure. Examples include:

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in RNA viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) – essential for viral RNA synthesis.
Proteases involved in processing viral polyproteins.

**Early Structural Proteins **- Some structural proteins are only produced when the virus is actively assembling new virions. For example:

Nucleocapsid (N) protein in SARS-CoV-2 is produced in high amounts during active replication and assembly, making it a common target in RATs for COVID-19.

Question 13

Answer 13

e.) Tail fibres

Question 14

Answer 14

b.) the Lysogenic Cycle

Question 15

Answer 15

b.)Infect Bacteria
c.) Double Stranded DNA genomes
e.) Icosahedral Capsids

Question 16

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Answer 17

Bacteriophage utilising a tail pin to attatch, inject DNA into the cell.
Otherviruses, DNA gets into cell through capsids and uncoats for replication.
Bacteriophage uses lysisymes to lyse cell membrane

Question 18

Answer 18

a.) Lysogenic
b.) Limits the viruses ability to spread as it remains dormant for so long - slower rate of reproduction
c.) Can remain in cells for long periods of time

Question 19

Answer 19

Lytic Phages are a type of bacteriophage that replicate through the lytic cycle, a process in which they infect bacterial cells, reproduce rapidly, and ultimately cause the destruction (lysis) of the host cell. These phages do not integrate their genomes into the host cell’s chromosome but instead use the host’s cellular machinery to make more viral particles immediately.
Steps:
1. Attatchment and Entry
2. Replication and assembly
3. Assembly of new virions
4. Lysis and Release

Question 20

Answer 20

ubiquity, fast and high reproductive rate, genetic diversity (mutate easily), resistance to environmental conditions

Question 21

Answer 21

alternative to antibiotics, aid in maintaining a healthy microbiome, enhance food safety,