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Physiology > Week 2 Summary > Flashcards

Week 2 Summary Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus

A

The ‘boss’ of the cell, contains DNA which contains our genes

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2
Q

Ribosomes

A

Serves as the site for protein synthesis

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3
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

contains the ribosomes which synthesize proteins

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4
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesizes fatty acids, steroids, detoxifies drugs, releases calcium ion into muscle cells, lacks ribosomes

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5
Q

Lysosomes

A

contains strong digestive enzymes for breaking down substances

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6
Q

golgi complex/apparatus

A

processes, packages, and transports substances around the cell

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7
Q

cytoplasm

A

contains cytosol, the intracellular fluid and the organelles

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8
Q

cytoskeleton

A

network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytosol, providing structure to the cell

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell, responsible for most ATP production

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10
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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11
Q

ADP

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

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12
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate is made up of?

A

3 phosphate groups attached to adenosine (comprised of adenine and ribose

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13
Q

ATP - ADP energy cycle

A

enzyme ATPase catalyses hydrolysis of ATP, removing the 3rd phosphate group to produce ADP

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14
Q

ADP - ATP energy cycle

A

enzyme ATP synthase catalyses the addition of a 3rd phosphate group to regenerate ATP

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15
Q

Aerobic conditions

A

oxygen present

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16
Q

anaerobic conditions

A

oxygen not present

17
Q

How much ATP does glycolysis produce?

A

2 ATP

18
Q

What is glycolysis

A

one glucose molecule is broken down and produces 2 ATP molecules and 2 pyruvic acid molecules

19
Q

cellular respiration in aerobic conditions

A

glucose is broken down by glycolysis, oxygen is present and the krebs cycle follows, then the electron transport chain and produces 32 ATP total

20
Q

cellular respiration in anaerobic conditions

A

glucose is broken down through glycolysis, generating 2 ATP molecules and 2 pyruvic acid molecules, which then becomes lactic acid

21
Q

lipid bilayer

A

consists of two layers of predominantly phospholipids that form the structure of the cell, phospholipids are amphipathic, and therefore the lipids are arranged tail to tail with their polar heads facing outward

22
Q

Amphipathic

A

containing both polar and non polar parts

23
Q

peripheral proteins

A

not embedded in the lipid bi layer, only extends through one side of the membrane

24
Q

Integral/transmembrane proteins

A

embedded in the bilayer and extend through the entire lipid bilayer and protrude through to the extracellular fluid and the cytosol

25
Q

Membrane fluidity

A

refers to the flexibility of movement of the membrane

26
Q

Membrane permeability

A

refers to the permeability of the membrane to certain molecules/ions

27
Q

selective permeability

A

the selectivity occurs because of the membranes non polar hydrophobic interior, which makes it highly permeable to non polar molecules like oxygen, and impermeable to uncharged polar molecules like glucose

28
Q

concentration gradient

A

the difference in concentration of a chemical from one place to another

29
Q

electrical gradient

A

difference in electrical charges from one region to another

30
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

the combined influence of the concentration gradient and the electrical gradient on a particular ion

31
Q

Transcription

A

DNA is used as a template and transcribed/copied to produce a molecule of RNA, this occurs in the nucleus

32
Q

Translation

A

RNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids to for a protein molecule, this happens in a ribosome

33
Q

ATP Synthase

A

Catalyses the addition of a 3rd phosphate group to regenerate ATP from ADP

34
Q

ATPase

A

Enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP , removing the 3rd phosphate group to produce ADP

Physiology (13 decks)

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